Effectiveness of the SmartShield for knowledge on sexual abuse prevention among primary school children in Malaysia: A quasi-experimental study.

Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science

Child Abuse, Sexual*/prevention & control ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice* ; Sex Education*/methods; Humans ; Malaysia ; Child ; Female ; Male ; Schools ; Students/psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Child sexual abuse is a significant public health issue with long-term psychological, physical, and social consequences. Despite increasing awareness, its prevention remains underrepresented in the Malaysian primary school curriculum. The SmartShield program was developed as a culturally relevant, age-appropriate, and video-based intervention to improve sexual education knowledge among primary school children. A quasi-experimental controlled trial was conducted using stratified multistage cluster sampling. Six government primary schools were randomly selected from five regions. In each school, one class from the lower and one from the upper primary were chosen. The sample size was estimated by comparing two means. The SmartShield intervention consisted of two modules per age group and was delivered through 20-minute video-guided sessions. Knowledge was assessed at baseline, post-Module 1 (Week 2), and post-Module 2 (Week 4) using validated questionnaires. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, adjusting for sex and region. A total of 881 children for each lower and upper primary student were recruited. The intervention group showed significantly greater improvements in knowledge scores compared to the control group across all modules and time points (p < .001). Among lower primary students, adjusted mean scores increased from 78.5% to 97.1% in the intervention group versus 80.1% to 90.3% in the control group. Among upper primary students, knowledge scores rose from 79.5% to 97.8% in the intervention group, compared to 77.6% to 95.1% in the control group. The SmartShield program was effective in enhancing child sexual abuse knowledge among Malaysian primary school children.
(Copyright: © 2025 Mat Pa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

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Date Created: 20251009 Date Completed: 20251009 Latest Revision: 20251012

20251012

PMC12510487

10.1371/journal.pone.0334401

41066468