Abstract: Objective To assess the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in singletons born after the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) compared with singletons born without the use of ART. Design Nordic register-based study. Setting Cross-linked data from Medical Birth Registers and National ART and Patient Registers; liveborn singletons in 1995–2014 in Denmark and Finland, 2005–2015 in Norway, and 1995–2015 in Sweden with follow-up to 2014 (Denmark and Finland) or 2015 (Norway and Sweden). Patients A total of 5,076,444 singletons: 116,909 (2.3%) born with and 4,959,535 (97.7%) born without the use of ART (non-ART). Interventions In vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and fresh and frozen embryo transfer. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcomes (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, codes) were learning and motor functioning disorders (F80–F83), autism spectrum disorder (F84), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorders (F90–F92), and tic disorders (F95). Crude hazard ratios (HRs) and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results Singletons in the ART cohort had a higher adjusted risk of learning and motor functioning disorders (HR, 1.01 [0.96–1.07]; aHR, 1.17 [1.11–1.24]) and a tendency toward a higher risk of autism spectrum disorder (HR, 1.12 [1.04–1.21]; aHR, 1.07 [0.98–1.16]) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorders (HR, 0.82 [0.77–0.86]; aHR, 1.17 [0.99–1.12]) but not of tic disorders (HR, 1.21 [1.06–1.38]; aHR, 1.17 [0.96–1.27]). No differences in risk were found between children born after in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection or after fresh and frozen embryo transfer. Conclusions Our findings of only small differences in neurodevelopment between ART and non-ART singletons are reassuring and in line with previous studies. ; acceptedVersion
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