Item request has been placed! ×
Item request cannot be made. ×
loading  Processing Request

Multi-lingual multi-platform investigations of online trade in jaguar parts.

Item request has been placed! ×
Item request cannot be made. ×
loading   Processing Request
  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science
    • Subject Terms:
    • Abstract:
      We conducted research to understand online trade in jaguar parts and develop tools of utility for jaguars and other species. Our research took place to identify potential trade across 31 online platforms in Spanish, Portuguese, English, Dutch, French, Chinese, and Vietnamese. We identified 230 posts from between 2009 and 2019. We screened the images of animal parts shown in search results to verify if from jaguar; 71 posts on 12 different platforms in four languages were accompanied by images identified as definitely jaguar, including a total of 125 jaguar parts (50.7% posts in Spanish, 25.4% Portuguese, 22.5% Chinese and 1.4% French). Search effort varied among languages due to staff availability. Standardizing for effort across languages by dividing number of posts advertising jaguars by search time and number of individual searches completed via term/platform combinations changed the proportions the rankings of posts adjusted for effort were led by Portuguese, Chinese, and Spanish. Teeth were the most common part; 156 posts offered at least 367 teeth and from these, 95 were assessed as definitely jaguar; 71 of which could be linked to a location, with the majority offered for sale from Mexico, China, Bolivia, and Brazil (26.8, 25.4, 16.9, and 12.7% respectively). The second most traded item, skins and derivative items were only identified from Latin America: Brazil (7), followed by Peru (6), Bolivia (3), Mexico (2 and 1 skin piece), and Nicaragua and Venezuela (1 each). Whether by number of posts or pieces, the most commonly parts were: teeth, skins/pieces of skins, heads, and bodies. Our research took place within a longer-term project to assist law enforcement in host countries to better identify potential illegal trade and presents a snapshot of online jaguar trade and methods that also may have utility for many species traded online.
      Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
      (Copyright: © 2023 Polisar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
    • References:
      Sci Adv. 2016 Oct 12;2(10):e1600936. (PMID: 27757421)
      Conserv Biol. 2010 Feb;24(1):89-100. (PMID: 20015259)
      PLoS Biol. 2010 Sep 14;8(9):. (PMID: 20856904)
      J Asia Pac Biodivers. 2020 Sep 1;13(3):454-461. (PMID: 32296661)
      Science. 2013 Nov 15;342(6160):850-3. (PMID: 24233722)
      Conserv Biol. 2020 Dec;34(6):1525-1535. (PMID: 32484587)
      Conserv Biol. 2016 Aug;30(4):900-4. (PMID: 26918590)
      Conserv Biol. 2021 Aug;35(4):1130-1139. (PMID: 33277940)
      PLoS Comput Biol. 2017 Mar 30;13(3):e1005399. (PMID: 28358831)
      Sci Rep. 2016 Nov 16;6:37147. (PMID: 27849006)
      Conserv Biol. 2016 Oct;30(5):1038-47. (PMID: 26991837)
      PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e51156. (PMID: 23236444)
      PLoS One. 2008 Jul 02;3(7):e2544. (PMID: 18596926)
      Animals (Basel). 2022 Feb 15;12(4):. (PMID: 35203186)
      Environ Res. 2021 Feb;193:110439. (PMID: 33171119)
      PLoS One. 2017 Jun 28;12(6):e0179505. (PMID: 28658274)
      PLoS One. 2018 Mar 26;13(3):e0194719. (PMID: 29579129)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20230123 Date Completed: 20230201 Latest Revision: 20231118
    • Publication Date:
      20240105
    • Accession Number:
      PMC9870105
    • Accession Number:
      10.1371/journal.pone.0280039
    • Accession Number:
      36689405