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Intra-individual reaction time variability based on ex-Gaussian distribution as a potential endophenotype for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

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  • Author(s): Lin HY;Lin HY; Hwang-Gu SL; Hwang-Gu SL; Gau SS; Gau SS; Gau SS
  • Source:
    Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica [Acta Psychiatr Scand] 2015 Jul; Vol. 132 (1), pp. 39-50. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Jan 22.
  • Publication Type:
    Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Language:
    English
  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0370364 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1600-0447 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0001690X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Acta Psychiatr Scand Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: Malden, MA : Wiley-Blackwell
      Original Publication: Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    • Subject Terms:
      Cues* ; Endophenotypes* ; Individuality*; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/*diagnosis ; Reaction Time/*physiology; Attention/physiology ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Adolescent ; Cognition ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neuropsychological Tests
    • Abstract:
      Objective: Intra-individual variability in reaction time (IIV-RT), defined by standard deviation of RT (RTSD), is considered as an endophenotype for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Ex-Gaussian distributions of RT, rather than RTSD, could better characterize moment-to-moment fluctuations in neuropsychological performance. However, data of response variability based on ex-Gaussian parameters as an endophenotypic candidate for ADHD are lacking.
      Method: We assessed 411 adolescents with clinically diagnosed ADHD based on the DSM-IV-TR criteria as probands, 138 unaffected siblings, and 138 healthy controls. The output parameters, mu, sigma, and tau, of an ex-Gaussian RT distribution were derived from the Conners' continuous performance test. Multi-level models controlling for sex, age, comorbidity, and use of methylphenidate were applied.
      Results: Compared with unaffected siblings and controls, ADHD probands had elevated sigma value, omissions, commissions, and mean RT. Unaffected siblings formed an intermediate group in-between probands and controls in terms of tau value and RTSD. There was no between-group difference in mu value. Conforming to a context-dependent nature, unaffected siblings still had an intermediate tau value in-between probands and controls across different interstimulus intervals.
      Conclusion: Our findings suggest IIV-RT represented by tau may be a potential endophenotype for inquiry into genetic underpinnings of ADHD in the context of heterogeneity.
      (© 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; endophenotype; ex-Gaussian distribution; intra-individual variability; reaction time
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20150123 Date Completed: 20160215 Latest Revision: 20150622
    • Publication Date:
      20260130
    • Accession Number:
      10.1111/acps.12393
    • Accession Number:
      25612058