Abstract: This study aims to explain the syntactic characteristics of classic and modern novels and to identify the evolution or significant changes in the syntactic structure of Indonesian novels. The research scope focuses on comparing the evolution of sentence structure, clauses, phrases, and syntactic style. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques of reading and note-taking, and data analysis using content analysis based on the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana flow model. The research data is derived from two novels with a time gap of almost a century: Salah Asuhan by Abdul Muis (1928) and Segi Tiga by Sapardi Djoko Damono (2020). The findings indicate a significant syntactic evolution. Salah Asuhan is characterized by long, complex, and hypotactic sentence structures, dominated by complex sentences, formal conjunctions, and a high frequency of passive sentences, reflecting the High Malay style. Conversely, Segi Tiga presents shorter, efficient, and paratactic structures, dominated by active sentences, simple coordinating conjunctions, and an intimate, poetic, oral syntactic pattern. This evolution demonstrates a shift from a formal structure bound by old conventions to a more flexible, economical, and reflective style of contemporary oral expression.
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