What are the effects of green manures on weeds, fertilization, water stress of the vine, as well as on the yield and quality of grapes at Mas Foulaquier ? ; Quels sont les effets des engrais verts sur les adventices, la fertilisation, le stress hydrique de la vigne, ainsi que sur le rendement et la qualité des raisins au Mas Foulaquier ?

Cover crops offer numerous benefits to winegrowers, including soil protection and regulation, control of vine diseases and pests, and support for soil fertility. These benefits vary depending on the specific characteristics of the cover crops. Four levers allow modification of these characteristics to achieve the desired services: specific composition, temporality, spatial structure, and method of destruction. It is crucial to adjust the strategy during the season to avoid the negative effects associated with the presence of cover crops.Mas Foulaquier, founded in 1998 and located in Claret in the Hérault region, covers 13.2 hectares certified in organic and biodynamic agriculture. Managed by Blandine Chauchat-Jéquier and Pierre Jéquier, it produces up to 80,000 bottles per year. The estate follows an agroecological approach with hedge plantings and manual viticultural practices. Since 2018, it has opted for natural grassing, but this has led to disadvantages such as an increase in weeds and increased water stress, affecting yields and winemaking.The study explores the integration of green manures compared to spontaneous grassing to combat weeds, improve fertilization, manage water stress, and increase yields and grape quality. The hypotheses include the reduction of weeds, the provision of additional nitrogen, the reduction of water competition through adequate mulching, and the improvement of must fermentability. Two plots are being experimented with: a young vine planted in 2022 with weed infestations, and an old Carignan N plot suffering from low yields and heterogeneous vigor. ; Les couverts végétaux offrent de nombreux avantages aux viticulteurs, notamment la protection et la régulation des sols, le contrôle des maladies et des ravageurs de la vigne, et le soutien à la fertilité des sols. Ces bénéfices varient en fonction des caractéristiques spécifiques des couverts végétaux. Quatre leviers permettent de modifier ces caractéristiques pour obtenir les services désirés : la composition spécifique, la ...