Clinical Potential of Extracellular Vesicles in Central Nervous System Pathologies ; Klinički potencijal ekstracelularnih vezikula u patologiji središnjeg živčanog sustava

The number of neurological disorders has been increasing for the last 30 years, and they are now among top 10 causes of mortality. As for neurodegenerative diseases in which Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease predominate, there is a very small number of available and mostly symptomatic drugs. It is therefore a priority to find appropriate therapies, as well as biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of such disorders. Extracellular vesicles are formed in almost all cells, they transfer macromolecules like DNA, RNA and proteins to give an image of the tissue from which they originate. This makes them an excellent diagnostic as well as therapeutic tools. Therefore, there is a substantial goal in the need to find an adequate procedure for isolation of vesicles, in order to find a good biomarker from body fluids that does not require invasive methods. ; Broj neuroloških poremećaja raste zadnjih 30 godina te su oni sada unutar deset vodećih uzroka smrtnosti u svijetu. Što se tiče neurodegenerativnih bolesti u kojima prevladavaju Alzheimerova i Parkinsonova bolest, postoji vrlo mali broj dostupnih, i to većinom simptomatskih lijekova. Prioritetno je stoga pronaći odgovarajuće terapije, ali i biomarkere za rano otkrivanje i praćenje takvih poremećaja. Izvanstanične vezikule stvaraju se u gotovo svim stanicama, prenose makromolekule, DNA i RNA te daju sliku tkiva od kojeg potiču. To ih čini potencijalno dobrim dijagnostičkim, ali i terapeutskim alatom. Stoga se javlja potreba za pronalaženjem adekvatnog postupka izolacije vezikula kako bi se iz tjelesnih tekućina pronašao dobar biomarker bez korištenja invazivnih metoda.