Management of a girl with delayed puberty and elevated gonadotropins

A girl presenting with delayed puberty and elevated gonadotropins may have a range of conditions such as Turner Syndrome (TS), Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) and 46,XY DSD. An organized and measured approach to investigation can help reach a timely diagnosis. Management of young people often requires specialist multidisciplinary input to address the endocrine and non-endocrine features of these complex conditions, as well as the psychological challenges posed by their diagnosis. Next generation sequencing within the research setting has revealed several genetic causes of POI and 46,XY DSD which may further facilitate an individualized approach to care of these young people in the future. Pubertal induction is required in many and the timing of this may need to be balanced with other issues specific to the condition (e.g., allowing time for information-sharing in 46,XY DSD, optimizing growth in TS). Shared decision-making and sign-posting to relevant support groups from the outset can help empower young people and their families to manage these conditions. We describe three clinical vignettes of girls presenting with delayed puberty and hypergonadotropic amenorrhea and discuss their clinical management in the context of current literature and guidelines.