Clinical and laboratory findings in type 2 diabetes mellitus with COVID-19 infection: a single centre study

Introduction: The coexistence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a major global healthcare concern. Even though both have become significant worldwide health issues, little is still known about how they interact in this region of the world. The purpose of this study is to examine the laboratory markers and clinical features of COVID-19-infected individuals with T2DM. Methods: The medical records of hospitalized T2DM patients with proven COVID-19 infection at the Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (PMAH) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between March 15, 2020, and July 15, 2020, were examined in this single-center retrospective analysis. Laboratory, clinical, and demographic data were collected and examined. The relationships between different demographic traits and T2DM with COVID-19 infection were evaluated using the Fisher Exact test, binary logistic regression, and odds ratio (OR). The quantitative factors between individuals with type 2 diabetes and those without the disease were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. A P value of less than 0.05 was deemed significant. Results: About 142 (59.4%) of the 239 patients had type 2 diabetes, and they were substantially older (56 ± 13.1; P < 0.001) than those without the disease. Among T2DM patients, cough (P = 0.02), tachypnea (P = 0.001), and dyspnea (P = 0.001) were significant symptoms. Among T2DM patients, hypertension (P = 0.001) and hyperlipidemia (P = 0.001) were common comorbidities. Patients with type 2 diabetes had substantially higher levels of creatinine (P = 0.001), blood urea nitrogen (P = 0.004), LDH (P = 0.033), CRP (P = 0.001), and fibrinogen (P = 0.001). Tachypnea (aOR = 3.46 (1.65-7.24) P = 0.001) and dyspnea (aOR = 3.25 (1.49-7.05) P = 0.001) demonstrated statistical significance on binary logistic regression analysis. In both bivariate analysis and logistic regression, hypertension (aOR = 2.07 (1.03-4.14); P = 0.040) and dyslipidemia (aOR = 12.27 (2.63-57.20); P = 0.001) maintained statistical ...