Na raskršću nacije i tržišta: Poskomunistička tranzicija Srbije u uporednom i istorijskom kontekstu

At the crossroads of nation and market: Serbia's postcommunist transition in a comparative and historical perspective

Zagreb : Fakultet političkih znanosti 2025

U članku se kroz komparativni istorijski pristup analizira ekonomska i politička tranzicije Srbije u kontekstu i interakciji sa tranzicionim putanjama šireg postkomunističkog regiona. Članak daje fokusirani pregled novije literature o karakteristikama i varijantama kapitalizma u postkomunističkoj Evropi, a zatim ovako razvijen teorijski i komparativni okvir primenjuje na slučaj Srbije. Osnovna teza teksta je da su tok i ishod tranzicije u Srbiji ostali određeni zaostatkom u regionalnoj trci za privlačenje stranog kapitala do kojeg je došlo još 1990-ih. Dugoročno ograničivši atraktivnost zemlje za strana ulaganja, Prva tranziciona decenija oblikovala je ekonomske i političke izbore dostupne kasnijim vladama Srbije. Onemogućivši pronalaženja odgovora na problem masovne nezaposlenosti, skroman priliv stranog kapitala otežao je konsolidaciju demokratije u prvoj deceniji 2000-ih. Tek u poslednjoj deceniji, Srbija je, u delimično izmenjenim međunarodnim okolnostima, pronašla način da privuče veću količinu stranog kapitala kroz specijalizovanje za radno intenzivne, izvozno orijentisane industrijske grane sa niskom dodatnom vrednošću. Ovakav model razvoja, iako dugoročno suboptimalan, rešio je problem masovne nezaposlenosti, na taj način doprinoseći legitimaciji autoritarne vladavine Aleksandra Vučića.
In the article post-communist economic and political transition of Serbia is analyzed within and in interaction with the transition trajectories of the wider postcommunist region. The article provides a focused overview of the recent literature on the characteristics and variations of capitalism in post-communist Europe, followed by an application of this theoretical and comparative framework to the case study of Serbia. The main thesis is that the trajectory and outcome of Serbia’s transition were largely determined by the country falling behind in the regional race to attract foreign capital in the 1990s. Limiting the country’s long-term attractiveness for foreign investment, the first transitional decade shaped the economic and political choices available to subsequent Serbian governments. By making it impossible to find answers to the problem of mass unemployment, the modest inflow of foreign capital made it difficult to consolidate democracy in the first decade of the 2000s. Only in the last decade, in partially changed international circumstances, Serbia found a way to attract more foreign capital through specialization in labor-intensive, export-oriented industries with low added value. This model of development, although suboptimal in the long term, solved the problem of mass unemployment, thus helping legitimize authoritarian rule of Aleksandar Vučić.

kapitalizam; SDI; nezaposlenost; demokratija; autoritarizam; capitalism; FDI; unemployment; democracy; authoritarianism; article

Open access content. Open access content
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
BY-NC-ND
openAccess

Političke perspektive : časopis za istraživanje politike
Serbian

RSPST oai:rfpn.fpn.bg.ac.rs:123456789/1528
2217-561X
2335-027X
https://hrcak.srce.hr/332988
https://rfpn.fpn.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1528
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rfpn_1528
1528388801

UIVERSITY OF BELGRADE
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