Contributors: Wang, Bin, Author; Lyu, He, Author; Zhang, Xueqian, Author; Jiang, Mingkai, Author; Medlyn, Belinda E., Author; Wårlind, David, Author; Knauer, Jürgen, Author; Fleischer, Katrin, Author; Goll, Daniel S., Author; Olin, Stefan, Author; Yang, Xiaojuan, Author; Yu, Lin, Author; Zaehle, Sönke, Author; Zhang, Haicheng, Author; Schufft, Kristian, Author; Crous, Kristine Y., Author; Carrillo, Yolima, Author; Macdonald, Catriona A., Author; Anderson, Ian C., Author; Boer, Matthias M., Author; Farrell, Mark, Author; Gherlenda, Andrew, Author; Castañeda-Gómez, Laura, Author; Hasegawa, Shun, Author; Jarosch, Klaus, Author; Milham, Paul, Author; Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Author; Pathare, Varsha, Author; Pihlblad, Johanna, Author; Piñeiro, Juan, Author; Power, Sally A., Author; Reich, Peter B., Author; Riegler, Markus, Author; Ellsworth, David S., Author; Smith, Benjamin, Author; Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (MGeo), Lunds universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Miljö- och geovetenskapliga institutionen (MGeo), Originator; Lund University, Profile areas and other strong research environments, Strategic research areas (SRA), eSSENCE: The e-Science Collaboration, Lunds universitet, Profilområden och andra starka forskningsmiljöer, Strategiska forskningsområden (SFO), eSSENCE: The e-Science Collaboration, Originator; Lund University, Faculty of Science, Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lunds universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för naturgeografi och ekosystemvetenskap, Originator; Lund University, Profile areas and other strong research environments, Strategic research areas (SRA), BECC: Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate, Lunds universitet, Profilområden och andra starka forskningsmiljöer, Strategiska forskningsområden (SFO), BECC: Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate, Originator; Lund University, Profile areas and other strong research environments, Strategic research areas (SRA), MERGE: ModElling the Regional and Global Earth system, Lunds universitet, Profilområden och andra starka forskningsmiljöer, Strategiska forskningsområden (SFO), MERGE: ModElling the Regional and Global Earth system, Originator
Abstract: The capacity of nutrient-limited forests to enhance carbon (C) sequestration under elevated CO2 (eCO2) remains a critical uncertainty in C cycle modeling. While existing evidence suggests that low phosphorus (P) bioavailability may constrain CO2 fertilization effects on plant growth, the extent to which this limitation modulates ecosystem responses to eCO2 in forests adapted to P-deficient soils remains poorly understood. Here, using eight P-enabled models, we simulated the magnitudes and mechanisms through which P bioavailability interacts with eCO2, emulating an ecosystem-scale P enrichment experiment at a P-limited Eucalyptus forest undergoing long-term Free-Air CO2 Enrichment. While models predicted pronounced P effects on tree growth, P enrichment unexpectedly did not increase the CO2 effects on tree growth and ecosystem C sequestration. Models prioritized either CO2-driven or P-driven growth, but rarely both. This tradeoff emerged due to model-specific assumptions on 1) partitioning of the extra P in soil labile versus nonlabile pools; 2) plant photosynthetic acclimation to P deficiency; 3) C and nutrient use strategies regulating plant size and allocation; and 4) microbial-driven soil decomposition processes. By generating divergent yet biologically plausible outcomes, these predictions establish critical testable hypotheses for empirical research and highlight multiple P-related pathways that may influence the future land C sink.
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