Civil code.

Napoleon Bonaparte first established France’s Civil Code, or Napoleonic Code, after the French Revolution (1789–1799). In more modern times, it is the basis for the system of civil law in over one hundred countries. Civil law often coexists with other systems of law, including common law, customary law, and Islamic law. The legal codes that form the basis of civil law specify all procedures for all cases brought before the court and the prescribed punishments for offenses. Civil codes are established by legislation rather than by the judiciary.