Pergeseran Dominasi Gulma Kebun Kelapa Sawit IPB Jonggol, dan Kemungkinan Resistensi terhadap Herbisida Glifosat. (Indonesian)

Dominance Shifting of Weeds at IPB Oil Palm Plantation in Jonggol, and its Possible Resistance to Glyphosate Herbicides. (English)

Vegetation analysis has been done periodically at IPB oil palm plantations in Jonggol to identify the dominant weeds on the 1-year-old-mature plant (2016), 3-year-old-mature plant (2018), and 5-year-old-mature plant (2020). The study consisted of two experiments. The first experiment was to determine the dominant weed shift, while the second was to assess the possibility of weed resistance to glyphosate herbicide. Experiment I conducted vegetation analysis with the quadrant method 1 m x 1 m on 5 blocks; 20 samples were taken randomly from each block so that there were 100 observation samples. Experiment II planted seeds of weeds selected from experiment I, and as control, seeds of weeds from locations that never received herbicide. The amino acids observed are associated with glyphosate’s modes of action, namely phenylalanine, tyrosine, and L-tryptophan. Vegetation analysis showed there had been a shift in dominant weeds. In 2016, the dominant weed was Rolandra fruticosa and Melastoma malabathricum, in 2018 the Ottochloa nodosa, and in 2020 O. nodosa and Cyrtococcum patens. Asystasioa gangetica continues to increase in population. Resistance ratios, test weeds O. nodosa and C. patens are categorized as low resistance. The content of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and L-tryptophan test weed O. nodosa is higher than that of susceptible weed O. nodosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telah dilakukan analisis vegetasi secara berkala di kebun kelapa sawit IPB Jonggol pada tanaman menghasilkan umur 1 tahun (2016), tanaman menghasilkan umur 3 tahun (2018), dan tanaman menghasilkan umur 5 tahun (2020). Penelitian terdiri atas dua percobaan. Percobaan I untuk mengetahui pergeseran gulma dominan dan percobaan II untuk mengetahui kemungkinan terjadinya resistensi gulma terhadap herbisida glifosat. Percobaan I adalah analisis vegetasi menggunakan metode kuadran 1 m x 1 m pada 5 blok, dan 20 sampel diambil secara acak dari setiap blok sehingga terdapat 100 sampel pengamatan. Percobaan II adalah penanaman biji gulma dari jenis gulma terpilih pada percobaan I, dan sebagai kontrol menggunakan biji gulma dari percobaan I yaitu dari gulma berasal dari lokasi yang tidak pernah mendapatkan herbisida. Asam amino yang diamati berhubungan dengan cara kerja glifosat yaitu fenilalanin, tirosin, L-triptofan. Hasil analisis vegetasi menunjukkan telah terjadi pergeseran gulma dominan. Tahun 2016 didominasi Rolandra fruicosa dan Melastoma malabathricum, tahun 2018 di domimasi Ottochloa nodosa, tahun 2020 O. nodosa dan Cyrtoccum patens. Asystasia gangetica terus meningkat populasinya. Nisbah resistensi, gulma uji O. nodosa dan C. patens termasuk resistensi rendah. Kandungan fenilalanin, tirosin dan L-triptofan gulma uji O. nodosa lebih tinggi dari gulma susceptible O. nodosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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