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Effective Behavior of Insects Pollinators of Flowers in Gadung Mango Clone 21 Variety.

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    • Alternate Title:
      Perilaku Efektif Serangga Penyerbuk Bunga Mangga Gadung Varietas Clone 21.
    • Abstract:
      Pollinating insects are referred as support services, namely services by the processes in the ecosystems that support human well-being by maintaining or enhancing ecosystem services. The availability of flowers, diversity, and behavior of visiting pollinator insects affect the effectiveness of pollination to increase the formation of fruit sets of mango plants. The purpose of this study is to observe the behavior of pollinator insects visiting the mango gadung clone 21 varieties and their effectiveness in increasing the formation of fruit sets. Research has been carried out on two flower seasons: March-May (Off season) and July-September (On season) 2020. Visiting behaviors observed were the number of visits per minute (foraging rate) and the length of visit per flower (flower handling time). Pollination effectiveness was measured from the number of fruit sets formed from the open flower panicles and confined with a tangerine gauze. The results of the study obtained seven species including Apis sp., Trigona sp., Xylocopa sp., Polistes sp. 1, Polistes sp. 2, Chrysomya sp., and Eristalis sp. Visits of pollinating insects on the highest number of mango panicle flowers were (31.69 ± 7.69) flowers / 60 seconds by Trigona sp insects, and the lowest numbers were (2.70 ± 0.67) flowers / 60 seconds by Eristalis sp. insects. The longest visits of pollinator insects on mango flowers were obtained by Eristalis sp for (25.3 ± 8.50) sec/individual/flower and the shortest visits were by Trigona sp for (1.8 ± 0.63) seconds/individual/flower. Insect pollination increases fruit formation by 267.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
    • Abstract:
      Serangga penyerbuk dikenal sebagai penyedia jasa ekologis, yaitu jasa yang mempertahankan atau meningkatkan layanan ekosistem dalam prosesnya untuk mendukung kesejahteraan manusia. Ketersediaan bunga, keragaman, dan perilaku serangga penyerbuk yang berkunjung memengaruhi efektivitas penyerbukan untuk meningkatkan pembentukan set buah tanaman mangga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengamati perilaku kunjungan serangga penyerbuk pada mangga gadung varietas klon 21 dan efektivitasnya dalam meningkatkan pembentukan buah. Penelitian telah dilakukan pada dua musim berbunga, yaitu Maret-Mei (Off season) dan Juli-September (On season) 2020. Perilaku berkunjung yang diamati adalah jumlah kunjungan per menit (foraging rate) dan lama kunjungan per bunga (flower handling time). Efektivitas penyerbukan diukur dari jumlah set buah yang terbentuk dari malai bunga terbuka dan ditutup dengan kain kasa. Hasil penelitian memperoleh tujuh spesies serangga penyerbuk di antaranya Apis sp., Trigona sp., Xylocopa sp., Polistes sp. 1, Polis sp. 2, Chrysomya sp., dan Eristalis sp. Kunjungan serangga penyerbuk tertinggi pada bunga malai mangga mencapai (31,69 ± 7,69) bunga/60 detik oleh serangga Trigona sp, dan kunjungan terendah hanya (2,70 ± 0,67) bunga/60 detik oleh serangga Eristalis sp. Hasil lama kunjungan serangga penyerbuk pada bunga mangga diperoleh paling lama oleh serangga Eristalis sp selama (25,3 ± 8,50) detik/individu bunga dan terpendek oleh Trigona sp selama (1,8 ± 0,63) detik/individu bunga. Penyerbukan oleh serangga menunjukkan peningkatan pembentukan buah sebesar 267,5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]