性犯罪被害者の性的前歴および職業が量刑判断に及ぼす影響 ―「レイプ・シールド法」導入の是非をめぐる議論を背景に―1）. (Japanese)

Impact of a victim’s occupation and sexual history on sentencing. (English)

Recently, the introduction of a “rape shield law”, which prohibits evidence that is related to the victim’s privacy or irrelevant from being revealed to the court, is being discussed in Japan. This study aimed to primarily examine the impact of victim-related information (sexual history and occupation) on the defendant’s sentence. A Bayesian approach was used for the analysis. The findings revealed that the main effects of victim-related information on sentencing included 0 in their credible intervals, indicating that there were no main effects. However, the analysis of interaction effects indicated that when the victim was described as having more records of sexual history and to be working in the sex industry, the defendant was recommended to serve a longer sentence than when no description of the victim’s sexual history and occupation was provided and when the victim was described as working in the sex industry. The policy implications of the above results were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

現在の日本では，被害者のプライバシーに関する証拠（情報）のうち，関連性が低いものが裁判に顕出す ることを禁じる「レイプ・シールド法」を導入することの是非が論じられている。このような議論を背景に， 本研究は，被害者関連情報として，被害者の性的前歴（多×少×記述なし）と職業（風俗従事者×医者×記 述なし）がその被告人に対する量刑に及ぼす効果を検討することを主な目的として調査を行った。ドメイン 知識を活用しつつ，被害者関連情報の効果を検討するために，分析にはベイズ的アプローチを用いた。分析 の結果，被害者関連情報の量刑判断に対する主効果の 95% 確信区間には 0 が含まれており主効果は認めら れなかった。ただし，性的前歴多×風俗従事者に交互作用効果が見られ，被害者は性的前歴が多く，かつ風 俗従事者であると記述された場合には，性的前歴や職業に関する記述がなされない場合および風俗従事者で あるという情報のみが提示された場合と比較して，被告人に重い量刑が求められることが示された。上記の 結果から得られる政策的示唆について論じた。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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