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The Influence of Various Ethnic Groups on the Formation of the Military Organisation in the Umayyad State in al-Andalus.

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    • Alternate Title:
      Endülüs Emevî Devleti’nde Askerî Teşkilatın Oluşumunda Farklı Etnik Grupların Etkisi.
    • Abstract:
      تستكشف المقالة تأثير المجموعات العرقية المختلفة على التنظيم العسكري للدولة الأموية في الأندلس، مع التركيز على مساهماتها في استراتيجيات الأمن. تناقش الأدوار التي لعبها العرب، والمَوَالِي (المسلمون غير العرب)، والبربر، والسَّكَاليبة (العبيد الأوروبيون)، والمُوالَدون (المتحولون المحليون إلى الإسلام) في تشكيل الهياكل العسكرية، خاصة خلال فترات التمرد وعدم الاستقرار السياسي. تكشف النتائج أن التنوع العرقي لعب دورًا حيويًا في تطور الجيش، حيث أثرت ديناميات القوة على استبدال المجموعات بناءً على الولاء. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تجمع المقالة الأعمال الأكاديمية حول تاريخ وديناميات الثقافة في الأندلس، مع معالجة مواضيع الهوية، والحكم، والتنظيم الاجتماعي خلال الفترة الأموية، مما يجعلها مصدرًا قيمًا للباحثين المهتمين بإسبانيا الإسلامية. [Extracted from the article]
    • Abstract:
      This study analyses the contributions of diverse ethnic groups to the military structure of the Umayyad State in al-Andalus, and how these groups participated in the state's security strategies. This research employs qualitative research methods, historical document analysis, and ethnographic techniques to investigate the influence of different ethnic groups on the formation of the military organisation. In the initial phases of the state's formation, Arabs occupied pivotal roles within the military structure. However, following rebellions, they were dismissed and replaced by loyal groups, including the Mawālī and Sakālibe. Similarly, the Muwallads and Berbers also played a notable role in the military, but they rebelled during periods of weak governance. The findings indicate that these rebellions triggered restructurings within the state's military organisation and that ethnic diversity played a critical role in shaping security strategies. Consequently, while certain ethnic groups came to prominence during specific periods, those groups whose trustworthiness was undermined by rebellion were eliminated by the state. This resulted in the formation of new organisational structures based on the principles of trust and loyalty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
    • Abstract:
      Bu çalışma, Endülüs Emevî Devleti'nin askerî yapısındaki çeşitli etnik grupların katkılarını ve bu grupların devletin güvenlik stratejilerinde nasıl rol oynadığını incelemektedir. Nitel araştırma yöntemleri, tarihi belge analizi ve etnografik teknikler kullanılarak hazırlanan bu araştırma, farklı etnik grupların askerî teşkilatın oluşumuna hangi açılardan etki ettikleri problemi üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Devletin kuruluş sürecinde Araplar, askerî teşkilatta merkezi roller üstlenmiş, ancak isyanlar sonucunda tasfiye edilerek yerlerine Mevâli ve Sakâlibe gibi sadık gruplar getirilmiştir. Benzer şekilde, Muvalledler ve Berberiler de ordu içinde önemli roller üstlenmiş, fakat zayıf yönetimler döneminde isyan etmişlerdir. Bulgular, bu isyanların devletin askerî yapısındaki yeniden yapılandırmaları tetiklediğini ve etnik çeşitliliğin güvenlik stratejilerinin belirlenmesinde kritik bir rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, bazı dönemlerde belirli etnik gruplar öne çıkarken, isyan etmelerinden güven unsurunun zedeleyen gruplar devlet tarafından tasfiye edilmişlerdir. Bunun sonucunda, güven ve sadakat ilkesi esas alınarak yeni bir teşkilatlanmaya gidildiği görülmüştür. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
    • Abstract:
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