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Differential Expression of Circulating Inflammatory Proteins Following Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, [2000-
    • Subject Terms:
      Athletes*; Athletic Injuries/*metabolism ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/*metabolism; Adolescent ; Adult ; Athletic Injuries/complications ; Athletic Injuries/physiopathology ; Biomarkers ; Brain Concussion/complications ; Brain Concussion/metabolism ; Brain Concussion/physiopathology ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/complications ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/physiopathology ; Chemokine CCL2/metabolism ; Chemokine CX3CL1/metabolism ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-7/metabolism ; Male ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14/metabolism ; United Kingdom ; Young Adult
    • Abstract:
      Sport-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) elicits a multifaceted inflammatory response leading to brain injury and morbidity. This response could be a predictive tool for the progression of TBI and to stratify the injury of which mild TBI is most prevalent. Therefore, we examined the differential expression of serum inflammatory markers overtime and identified novel markers in repetitively concussed athletes. Neuropsychological assessment by Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and Immediate Post Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) was performed on rugby players and serum was taken from healthy, concussed and repetitively concussed athletes. Serum was also obtained <1 week and >1 week after trauma and analyzed for 92 inflammatory protein markers. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and interleukin-7 (IL-7) differentiated repetitively concussed athletes. Macrophage chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14) were significantly reduced >1 week and chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1) upregulated <1 week after injury. FGF21 and MCP-1 negatively correlated with symptoms and their severity. We have identified dynamic changes in the inflammatory response overtime and in different classes of concussion correlating with disease progression. This data supports the use of inflammatory biomarkers as predictors of symptom development due to secondary complications of sport-related mTBI.
    • Abstract:
      The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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    • Grant Information:
      SRMRC National Institute for Health Research
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: FGF21; MCP-1; concussion; mild traumatic brain injury; neuroinflammation
    • Accession Number:
      0 (Biomarkers)
      0 (CCL2 protein, human)
      0 (CX3CL1 protein, human)
      0 (Chemokine CCL2)
      0 (Chemokine CX3CL1)
      0 (FGF21 protein, human)
      0 (Interleukin-7)
      0 (TNFSF14 protein, human)
      0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14)
      62031-54-3 (Fibroblast Growth Factors)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20200216 Date Completed: 20201204 Latest Revision: 20231113
    • Publication Date:
      20250114
    • Accession Number:
      PMC7072845
    • Accession Number:
      10.3390/ijms21041216
    • Accession Number:
      32059364