EIF2α phosphorylation is regulated in intracellular amastigotes for the generation of infective Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigote forms.

Publisher: Hindawi Country of Publication: India NLM ID: 100883691 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1462-5822 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14625814 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cell Microbiol Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: 2022- : Mumbai : Hindawi
Original Publication: Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, c1999-

Chagas Disease/*parasitology ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/*metabolism ; Protozoan Proteins/*metabolism ; Trypanosoma cruzi/*metabolism; Animals ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Life Cycle Stages ; Mutation ; Parasitemia ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Proteome/metabolism ; Protozoan Proteins/analysis ; Protozoan Proteins/biosynthesis ; Trypanosoma cruzi/growth & development ; Trypanosoma cruzi/pathogenicity ; Virulence

Trypanosomatids regulate gene expression mainly at the post-transcriptional level through processing, exporting and stabilising mRNA and control of translation. In most eukaryotes, protein synthesis is regulated by phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) at serine 51. Phosphorylation halts overall translation by decreasing availability of initiator tRNA ^met to form translating ribosomes. In trypanosomatids, the N-terminus of eIF2α is extended with threonine 169 the homologous phosphorylated residue. Here, we evaluated whether eIF2α phosphorylation varies during the Trypanosoma cruzi life cycle, the etiological agent of Chagas' disease. Total levels of eIF2α are diminished in infective and non-replicative trypomastigotes compared with proliferative forms from the intestine of the insect vector or amastigotes from mammalian cells, consistent with decreased protein synthesis reported in infective forms. eIF2α phosphorylation increases in proliferative intracellular forms prior to differentiation into trypomastigotes. Parasites overexpressing eIF2α ^T169A or with an endogenous CRISPR/Cas9-generated eIF2α ^T169A mutation were created and analysis revealed alterations to the proteome, largely unrelated to the presence of μORF in epimastigotes. eIF2α ^T169A mutant parasites produced fewer trypomastigotes with lower infectivity than wild type, with increased levels of sialylated mucins and oligomannose glycoproteins, and decreased galactofuranose epitopes and the surface protease GP63 on the cell surface. We conclude that eIF2α expression and phosphorylation levels affect proteins relevant for intracellular progression of T. cruzi.
(© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

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203134/Z/16/Z United Kingdom WT_ Wellcome Trust

Keywords: Trypanosoma cruzi; differentiation; eIF2; phosphorylation; translation; virulence

0 (Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2)
0 (Proteome)
0 (Protozoan Proteins)

Date Created: 20200630 Date Completed: 20210730 Latest Revision: 20221005

20231215

10.1111/cmi.13243

32597009