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Using quantitative trait in adults with ADHD to test predictions of dual-process theory.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: London : Nature Publishing Group, copyright 2011-
    • Subject Terms:
      Conflict, Psychological* ; Decision Making* ; Models, Psychological* ; Psychological Theory* ; Quantitative Trait Loci*; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/*physiopathology ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/*psychology; Adolescent ; Adult ; Comprehension ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult
    • Abstract:
      Dual-process theory is a widely utilized modelling tool in the behavioral sciences. It conceptualizes decision-making as an interaction between two types of cognitive processes, some of them fast and intuitive, others slow and reflective. We make a novel contribution to this literature by exploring differences between adults with clinically diagnosed ADHD and healthy controls for a wide range of behaviors. Given the clinical picture and nature of ADHD symptoms, we had a strong a priori reason to expect differences in intuitive vs reflective processing; and thus an unusually strong case for testing the predictions of dual-process theory. We found mixed results, with overall weaker effects than expected, except for risk taking, where individuals with ADHD showed increased domain sensitivity for gains vs losses. Some of our predictions were supported by the data but other patterns are more difficult to reconcile with theory. On balance, our results provide only limited empirical support for using dual-process theory to understand basic social and economic decision-making.
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    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20201119 Date Completed: 20210330 Latest Revision: 20240330
    • Publication Date:
      20240330
    • Accession Number:
      PMC7674480
    • Accession Number:
      10.1038/s41598-020-76923-4
    • Accession Number:
      33208789