Par-3 family proteins in cell polarity & adhesion.

Publisher: Published by Blackwell Pub. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101229646 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1742-4658 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1742464X NLM ISO Abbreviation: FEBS J Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Oxford, UK : Published by Blackwell Pub. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies, c2005-

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*genetics ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/*genetics ; Carrier Proteins/*genetics ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*genetics ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*genetics ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/*genetics; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics ; Cell Adhesion/genetics ; Cell Polarity/genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans

The Par-3/Baz family of polarity determinants is highly conserved across metazoans and includes C. elegans PAR-3, Drosophila Bazooka (Baz), human Par-3 (PARD3), and human Par-3-like (PARD3B). The C. elegans PAR-3 protein localises to the anterior pole of asymmetrically dividing zygotes with cell division cycle 42 (CDC42), atypical protein kinase C (aPKC), and PAR-6. The same C. elegans 'PAR complex' can also localise in an apical ring in epithelial cells. Drosophila Baz localises to the apical pole of asymmetrically dividing neuroblasts with Cdc42-aPKC-Par6, while in epithelial cells localises both in an apical ring with Cdc42-aPKC-Par6 and with E-cadherin at adherens junctions. These apical and junctional localisations have become separated in human PARD3, which is strictly apical in many epithelia, and human PARD3B, which is strictly junctional in many epithelia. We discuss the molecular basis for this fundamental difference in localisation, as well as the possible functions of Par-3/Baz family proteins as oligomeric clustering agents at the apical domain or at adherens junctions in epithelial stem cells. The evolution of Par-3 family proteins into distinct apical PARD3 and junctional PARD3B orthologs coincides with the emergence of stratified squamous epithelia in vertebrates, where PARD3B, but not PARD3, is strongly expressed in basal layer stem cells - which lack a typical apical domain. We speculate that PARD3B may contribute to clustering of E-cadherin, signalling from adherens junctions via Src family kinases or mitotic spindle orientation by adherens junctions in response to mechanical forces.
(© 2021 The Authors. The FEBS Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Federation of European Biochemical Societies.)

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Keywords: E-cadherin; cell adhesion; epithelia; neuroblast; polarity; stem cell

0 (Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing)
0 (Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins)
0 (Carrier Proteins)
0 (Cell Cycle Proteins)
0 (Drosophila Proteins)
0 (Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins)
0 (Membrane Proteins)
0 (PARD3 protein, human)
0 (PARD3B protein, human)
0 (baz protein, Drosophila)
EC 2.7.11.1 (PAR-3 protein, C elegans)
EC 2.7.11.1 (Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases)

Date Created: 20210210 Date Completed: 20220218 Latest Revision: 20220731

20250114

PMC9290619

10.1111/febs.15754

33565714