Cultural complex, death anxiety and individuation during times of populism: a dialogue between Jungian psychology and social psychology.

Publisher: Blackwell Publishers Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0376573 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1468-5922 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00218774 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Anal Psychol Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: <2000->: Oxford : Blackwell Publishers
Original Publication: London.

Individuation* ; Jungian Theory*; Anxiety ; Humans ; Psychology, Social

A trend towards political polarization and radicalization is observable in many countries across the world. The rise of populist movements and an increasingly heated polarized discourse in the face of mounting environmental and cultural challenges calls for a multifaceted psychological engagement with these phenomena. C.G. Jung's vision of individuation remains crucial for understanding, and possibly mitigating, developments towards radicalization and division within and between cultures. This paper considers classic and contemporary depth psychological ideas regarding individuation, shadow work and cultural complexes, and applies these ideas to current socio-political developments. To further elucidate, Jungian thought is brought into conversation with the findings of a body of literature within social psychology called Terror Management Theory (TMT) which points to unconscious death anxiety as amplifying a sense of separation and otherness, as well as judgment and conflict between individuals and groups. This paper aims to deepen the understanding of current cultural polarization phenomena as well as to collective healing and growth by synthesizing ideas from Jung and TMT research, and to rekindle the fire of individuation as a counter to the trend of polarization, alienation and conflict.
(© 2021, The Society of Analytical Psychology.)

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Keywords: Individuation; Polarisation; Populismus; Terror Management Theory; Terror-Management-Theory; Tiefenpsychologie; Todesangst; angoisse de mort; angoscia di morte; ansiedad de muerte; complejo cultural; complesso culturale; complexe culturel; cultural complex; death anxiety; depth psychology; individuación; individuation; individuazione; kultureller Komplex; polarisation; polarización; polarization; polarizzazione; populism; populisme; populismo; psicologia del profondo; psicología profunda; psychologie des profondeurs; teoria della gestione del terrore; teoría de gestión del terror; théorie du management de la terreur; глубинная психология; индивидуация; культурный комлекс; поляризация; популизм; страх смерти; теория управления террором; 自性化, 文化情结, 死亡焦虑, 恐怖管理理论, 深度心理学, 民粹主义, 极化
Local Abstract: [Publisher, French] Une tendance à la radicalisation et la polarisation politique est notable dans un grand nombre de pays dans le monde entier. La montée des mouvements populistes et un discours de plus en plus tendu devant les défis environnementaux et culturels croissants appellent à une implication psychologique à diverses facettes par rapport à ces phénomènes. La vision de C.G. Jung concernant l’individuation reste cruciale pour comprendre et peut-être même mitiger les évolutions vers la radicalisation et la division entre les cultures et au sein de la même culture. Cet article examine les idées classiques et contemporaines de la psychologie des profondeurs en ce qui concerne l’individuation, le travail sur l’ombre et les complexes culturels, et applique ces idées aux évolutions socio-politiques actuelles. Pour aller plus loin, la pensée Jungienne est mise en conversation avec les découvertes d’un corpus de travail de la Psychologie Sociale, appelé TMT (Théorie du Management de la Terreur). Ce corpus indique que l’angoisse inconsciente de mort vient amplifier le sentiment de séparation et d’altérité, ainsi que le jugement et le conflit entre les individus et entre les groupes. L’article s’emploie à approfondir la compréhension du phénomène actuel de polarisation culturelle mais aussi de la guérison et de la croissance collective, en synthétisant des idées venant de Jung et de la recherche sur la TMT. Il vise aussi à rallumer la flamme du feu de l’individuation comme une butée à la tendance à la polarisation, l’aliénation et au conflit. [Publisher, German] In vielen Ländern der Welt ist ein Trend zur politischen Polarisierung und Radikalisierung zu beobachten. Der Aufstieg populistischer Bewegungen und ein zunehmend hitziger polarisierter Diskurs angesichts zunehmender ökologischer und kultureller Herausforderungen erfordern eine vielfältige psychologische Beschäftigung mit diesen Phänomenen. C.G. Jungs Vision von Individuation bleibt entscheidend für das Verständnis und möglicherweise die Abschwächung von Entwicklungen in Richtung Radikalisierung und Spaltung innerhalb und zwischen Kulturen. Dieser Artikel betrachtet klassische und zeitgenössische tiefenpsychologische Ideen in Bezug auf Individuation, Arbeit am Schatten und kulturelle Komplexe und wendet diese Ideen auf aktuelle gesellschaftspolitische Entwicklungen an. Zur weiteren Erläuterung wird das Jungianische Denken mit den Ergebnissen einer sozialpsychologischen Richtung namens Terror-Management-Theory (TMT) in Beziehung gebracht, die auf unbewußte Todesangst als Erweiterung des Gefühls der Trennung und des Andersseins sowie des Urteils und des Konflikts zwischen Individuen und Gruppen hinweist. Der Beitrag zielt darauf ab, das Verständnis der aktuellen kulturellen Polarisierungsphänomene sowie der kollektiven Heilung und des kollektiven Wachstums durch die Synthese von Ideen aus der Jung- und TMT-Forschung zu vertiefen und das Feuer der Individuation als Gegenpol zum Trend der Polarisierung, Entfremdung und des Konflikts neu zu entfachen. [Publisher, Italian] Al momento attuale si osserva una tendenza politica alla polarizzazione ed alla radicalizzazione in diversi Paesi del mondo. L’ascesa dei movimenti populisti e di un discorso polarizzato dal crescente odio, contemporaneamente all’aumento delle sfide ambientali e culturali richiede un approccio psicologico multidimensionale a questi fenomeni. La visione di Jung dell’individuazione rimane cruciale per la comprensione e la possibilità di mitigare gli sviluppi verso una radicalizzazione, e verso la divisione tra le culture. Questo articolo considera le idee della psicologia del profondo classica e contemporanea a proposito dell’individuazione, del lavoro sull’Ombra e sui complessi culturali, ed applica queste idee agli attuali sviluppi socio-politici. Per illustrare meglio, il pensiero junghiano è messo in dialogo con quelle acquisizioni della Psicologia Sociale Teoria della Gestione del Terrore (Terror Management Theory -TMT) che mirano all’angoscia di morte inconscia per amplificare un senso di separatezza e di “alterità”, così come il giudizio ed il conflitto tra individui e gruppi. Questo lavoro mira ad approfondire la comprensione degli attuali fenomeni di polarizzazione culturale, come pure della cura collettiva e della crescita, attraverso una sintesi delle idee di Jung, della ricerca in TMT e del riaccendersi del fuoco dell’individuazione come opposto alla polarizzazione, all’alienazione ed al conflitto. [Publisher, Russian] Тенденция к политической поляризации и радикализации наблюдается во многих странах по всему миру. Рост популистских движений, возрастающий накал и поляризованность обсуждений перед лицом увеличивающихся культурных и средовых сложностей нуждается в многостороннем психологическом подходе к рассмотрению этих явлений. Взгляд К. Г. Юнга на индивидуацию остается чрезвычайно важным для понимания и возможного смягчения радикализма, а также внутри- и межкультурного радикализма. В статье рассматриваются классическое и современное понимание индивидуации в рамках глубинной психологии, а также исследуется работа тени и культурные комплексы. Эти идеи применяются к современным социополитическим движениям. взгляды Для дальнейшего прояснения вопроса юнгианская мысль представлена в диалоге с литературой по социальной психологии, которая получила название Теория управления террором (Terror Management Theory (TMT), которая указывает на бессознательный страх смерти как амплификацию ощущения отдельности и инаковости, а также на осуждение и конфликт между индивидами и группами. Цель статьи - углубить понимание современного феномена культурной поляризации, а также коллективного исцеления и роста благодаря синтезу идей Юнга и TMT исследований, разжечь огонь индивидуации в противовес поляризации, отчуждению и конфликту. [Publisher, Spanish; Castilian] En muchos países a través del mundo, se observa una tendencia hacia la polarización y la radicalización política. El crecimiento de movimientos populistas y un discurso crecientemente acalorado y polarizado ante los desafíos culturales y del medio ambiente demanda un involucramiento psicológico multifacético con estos fenómenos. La visión de la individuación de C. G. Jung permanece crucial para comprender, y posiblemente mitigar, desarrollos hacia la radicalización y a la división dentro y entre culturas. El presente trabajo considera ideas de la psicología profunda clásica y contemporánea sobre individuación, trabajo con la sombra y complejos culturales, y aplica estas ideas a desarrollos socio-políticos actuales. Para una mayor elucidación, se propone un diálogo entre el pensamiento Junguiano y hallazgos de un campo dentro de la Psicología Social, llamado Teoría de la Gestión del Terror (TGT) la cual se focaliza en el miedo a la muerte inconsciente, como forma amplificada de un sentimiento de separación y otredad, así como en el juicio y conflicto entre individuos y grupos. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo profundizar en la comprensión del fenómeno actual de polarización cultural, y también contribuir a la sanación y al crecimiento colectivo al sintetizar ideas de C. G. Jung y de investigación en TGT, y reavivar la llama de la individuación como contraposición a la tendencia hacia la polarización, alienación y conflicto. [Publisher, Chinese] 民粹主义时期的文化情结, 死亡焦虑和自性化:荣格心理学与社会心理学间的对话 世界各地都有一种明显的政治两极化和种族主义倾向。在加剧的环境和文化的挑战中正在升起的民粹主义及越发炙热的极端论述, 都呼吁在这些现象中有多元面向的心理学卷入。荣格自性化的视野对于理解甚至缓和这些种族主义的发展以及文化内外的分裂来说, 至关重要。文章讨论了传统的和现代的深度心理学关于自性化、阴影工作、文化情结的观点, 并把这些观点应用到当代社会政治发展之中。为了进一步阐明这一点, 荣格思想被带入到社会心理学中被称为恐怖管理的理论 (TMT)的一系列文献中进行对话, 这些对话显示, 无意识的死亡焦虑放大了分离感和他者, 以及个体与群体间冲突的评判。文章目的是加深当下文化极化现象的理解, 以及通过整合荣格的观点及TMT研究, 来进行的集体化的疗愈和成长, 以及重新点燃自性化之火, 以对抗极化、异化和冲突的趋势。.

Date Created: 20211110 Date Completed: 20211203 Latest Revision: 20211214

20250114

10.1111/1468-5922.12710

34758131