The Sources and Potential Hosts Identification of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Yellow River, Revealed by Metagenomic Analysis.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101238455 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1660-4601 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16604601 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Environ Res Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel : MDPI, c2004-

Anti-Bacterial Agents*/analysis ; Anti-Bacterial Agents*/pharmacology ; Rivers*/microbiology; China ; Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics ; Genes, Bacterial ; Humans ; Metagenomics/methods

The fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has been revealed in various environmental media in recent years. Namely, the emergence of genes that resist colistin and carbapenems has attracted wide attention. However, the pollution condition of ARGs and sources in the Yellow River is still little understood, despite the river being the second longest in China. The present study determined the levels of ARG pollution in the Henan section of the Yellow River and evaluated the role of the aquaculture industry in the spread of ARGs. As revealed by the results, a total of 9 types of ARGs were detected in the sediments of the Yellow River, and the total ARG content in the Yellow River ranges from 7.27 to 245.45 RPKM. Sul 1 and sul 2 are the dominant ARGs, and the huge usage of sulfonamides, horizontal gene transfer, and wide bacteria host contribute to the prevalence of these two genes. The results of Spearman correlation analysis indicate that the breeding industry has little influence on ARGs in the Yellow River. Network analysis reveals that the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas is the potential host of sul 1, tet G, and ANT (3'')-IIa, which can pose a risk to human health.

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Keywords: Yellow River; antibiotic resistance genes; host identification; microbial sources tracking

0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)

Date Created: 20220826 Date Completed: 20220829 Latest Revision: 20220907

20231215

PMC9408424

10.3390/ijerph191610420

36012061