Insights on Host-Parasite Immunomodulation Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles of Cutaneous Leishmania shawi and Leishmania guyanensis .

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101600052 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2073-4409 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20734409 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cells Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI

Leishmania guyanensis*/immunology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions*/immunology ; Immunomodulation* ; Leishmania*/immunology ; Macrophages*/immunology ; Macrophages*/parasitology ; Cell-Derived Microparticles*/immunology ; Cell-Derived Microparticles*/parasitology ; Exosomes*/immunology ; Exosomes*/parasitology ; Macrophage Activation*; Animals ; Mice ; Cell Line ; Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Immunity, Innate

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by different species of Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of sand flies vector. Macrophages (MΦ), the target cells of Leishmania parasites, are phagocytes that play a crucial role in the innate immune microbial defense and are antigen-presenting cells driving the activation of the acquired immune response. Exploring parasite-host communication may be key in restraining parasite dissemination in the host. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) constitute a group of heterogenous cell-derived membranous structures, naturally produced by all cells and with immunomodulatory potential over target cells. This study examined the immunogenic potential of EVs shed by L. shawi and L. guyanensis in MΦ activation by analyzing the dynamics of major histocompatibility complex (MHC), innate immune receptors, and cytokine generation. L. shawi and L. guyanensis EVs were incorporated by MΦ and modulated innate immune receptors, indicating that EVs cargo can be recognized by MΦ sensors. Moreover, EVs induced MΦ to generate a mix of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and favored the expression of MHCI molecules, suggesting that EVs antigens can be present to T cells, activating the acquired immune response of the host. Since nano-sized vesicles can be used as vehicles of immune mediators or immunomodulatory drugs, parasitic EVs can be exploited by bioengineering approaches for the development of efficient prophylactic or therapeutic tools for leishmaniasis.

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Keywords: Leishmania guyanensis; Leishmania shawi; extracellular vesicles; immunomodulation; leishmaniasis; macrophages

EC 3.4.- (Peptide Hydrolases)
0 (Histocompatibility Antigens Class I)
0 (Histocompatibility Antigens Class II)
0 (Cytokines)

Date Created: 20230516 Date Completed: 20240209 Latest Revision: 20250801

20250801

PMC10137031

10.3390/cells12081101

37190011