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Reconciling art and science in the era of personalised medicine: the legacy of George Canguilhem.

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  • Author(s): Contino G;Contino G;Contino G
  • Source:
    Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM [Philos Ethics Humanit Med] 2023 May 24; Vol. 18 (1), pp. 5. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 May 24.
  • Publication Type:
    Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Language:
    English
  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101258058 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1747-5341 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17475341 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Philos Ethics Humanit Med Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: [London] : BioMed Central, 2006-
    • Subject Terms:
      Biomedical Research* ; Lepidoptera*; Humans ; Animals ; Precision Medicine ; Health Occupations ; Health Facilities ; Health Status
    • Abstract:
      Background: Biomedicine, i.e. the application of basic sciences to medicine, has become the cornerstone for the study of etiopathogenesis and treatment of diseases. Biomedicine has enormously contributed to the progress of medicine and healthcare and has become the preferred approach to medical problems in the West. The developments in statistical inference and machine learning techniques have provided the foundation for personalised medicine where clinical management can be fully informed by biomedicine. The deployment of precision medicine may impact the autonomy and self-normativity of the patients. Understanding the relationship between biomedicine and medical practice can help navigate the benefits and challenges offered by precision medicine.
      Methods: Conventional content analysis was applied to "Le Normal and le Pathologique" (Canguilhem G. The Normal and the Pathological. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 1991) and further investigated with respect to its relationship with techne and precision medicine using PubMed and Google Scholar and the Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy to search for the following keywords singularly or in combination: "Canguilhem", "techne", "episteme", "precision medicine", "machine learning AND medicine".
      Results: The Hippocratic concept of techne accounts for many characteristics of medical knowledge and practice. The advances of biomedicine, experimental medicine and, more recently, machine learning offer, in contrast, the model of a medicine based purely on episteme. I argue that Canguilhem medical epistemology establishes a framework where episteme and data-driven medicine is compatible with the promotion of patient's autonomy and self-normativity.
      Conclusions: Canguilhem's medical epistemology orders the relationship of applied medicine with experimental sciences, ethics and social sciences. It provides guidance to define the scope of medicine and the boundaries of medicalization of healthy life. Finally, it sets an agenda for a safe implementation of machine learning in medicine.
      (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Epistemology (K01.468); Experimental Medicine (H01.770.644.145); Medical Philosophy (K01.752.667)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20230523 Date Completed: 20230525 Latest Revision: 20230717
    • Publication Date:
      20250114
    • Accession Number:
      PMC10207805
    • Accession Number:
      10.1186/s13010-023-00133-9
    • Accession Number:
      37221540