Channeling the Natural Properties of Sindbis Alphavirus for Targeted Tumor Therapy.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, [2000-

Alphavirus*/genetics ; Neoplasms*/therapy ; Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine*; Humans ; Genetic Vectors/genetics ; Genetic Therapy/methods

Sindbis alphavirus vectors offer a promising platform for cancer therapy, serving as valuable models for alphavirus-based treatment. This review emphasizes key studies that support the targeted delivery of Sindbis vectors to tumor cells, highlighting their effectiveness in expressing tumor-associated antigens and immunomodulating proteins. Among the various alphavirus vectors developed for cancer therapy, Sindbis-vector-based imaging studies have been particularly extensive. Imaging modalities that enable the in vivo localization of Sindbis vectors within lymph nodes and tumors are discussed. The correlation between laminin receptor expression, tumorigenesis, and Sindbis virus infection is examined. Additionally, we present alternative entry receptors for Sindbis and related alphaviruses, such as Semliki Forest virus and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. The review also discusses cancer treatments that are based on the alphavirus vector expression of anti-tumor agents, including tumor-associated antigens, cytokines, checkpoint inhibitors, and costimulatory immune molecules.

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P30 CA016087 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; R44 CA250627 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; S10 OD021747 United States OD NIH HHS; 5R44CA250627 United States NH NIH HHS

Keywords: alphavirus; cancer therapy; immunotherapy; sindbis virus

Date Created: 20231014 Date Completed: 20231023 Latest Revision: 20240210

20240210

PMC10573789

10.3390/ijms241914948

37834397