Clinical Cases of Coccidioidomycosis in the Americas in the Period 1950-2021: Epidemiology Data, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

Publisher: MDPI AG Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101580444 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2075-1729 (Print) Linking ISSN: 20751729 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Life (Basel) Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI AG, 2011-

Coccidioidomycosis, caused by Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii , causes significant morbidity and mortality, both in immunocompetent and immunocompromised people, mainly in endemic areas. The present work analyzed its epidemiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment by reviewing clinical cases published from 1950 to 2021. Fifty-nine articles were included, corresponding to 275 clinical cases. The results showed a higher incidence of coccidioidomycosis in the male gender than the female gender. The most affected age group was 31-40 years, and the most reported clinical presentation was disseminated with greater involvement in cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue, followed by the CNS, bone system, and peritoneum. The species most frequently reported was C. immitis . The most used treatment was azoles, followed by their combination with amphotericin B, monotherapy with amphotericin B, and alternative medicine. This work shows that epidemiological data outside the USA are still scarce. Serological tests are the preferred diagnostic method in daily medical practice, and cultures remain the gold standard. The treatment for coccidioidomycosis is ketoconazole and amphotericin B, individually or in combination.

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FM/DI/068/2017 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; FM/DI/068/2017. División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,

Keywords: clinical cases; coccidioidomycosis; diagnosis; treatment

Date Created: 20231125 Latest Revision: 20231127

20231215

PMC10672650

10.3390/life13112109

38004249