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Baseline susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae to clothianidin in northern Ghana.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101139802 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1475-2875 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14752875 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Malar J Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2002-
    • Subject Terms:
      Anopheles*/genetics ; Insecticides*/pharmacology ; Malaria*; Animals ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Ghana ; Mosquito Vectors
    • Abstract:
      Background: Clothianidin, an insecticide with a novel mode of action, has been deployed in the annual indoor residual spraying programme in northern Ghana since March 2021. To inform pragmatic management strategies and guide future studies, baseline data on local Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) susceptibility to the clothianidin insecticide were collected in Kpalsogu, a village in the Northern region, Ghana.
      Methods: Phenotypic susceptibility of An. gambiae mosquitoes to clothianidin was assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO) insecticide resistance monitoring bioassay. The WHO cone bioassays were conducted on mud and cement walls sprayed with Sumishield 50 wettable granules (WG) (with clothianidin active ingredient). Daily mortalities were recorded for up to 7 days to observe for delayed mortalities. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to differentiate the sibling species of the An. gambiae complex and also for the detection of knock down resistance genes (kdr) and the insensitive acetylcholinesterase mutation (ace-1).
      Results: The WHO susceptibility bioassay revealed a delayed killing effect of clothianidin. Mosquitoes exposed to the cone bioassays for 5 min died 120 h after exposure. Slightly higher mortalities were observed in mosquitoes exposed to clothianidin-treated cement wall surfaces than mosquitoes exposed to mud wall surfaces. The kdr target-site mutation L1014F occurred at very high frequencies (0.89-0.94) across all vector species identified whereas the ace-1 mutation occurred at moderate levels (0.32-0.44). Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto was the most abundant species observed at 63%, whereas Anopheles arabiensis was the least observed at 9%.
      Conclusions: Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes in northern Ghana were susceptible to clothianidin. They harboured kdr mutations at high frequencies. The ace-1 mutation occurred in moderation. The results of this study confirm that clothianidin is an effective active ingredient and should be utilized in malaria vector control interventions.
      (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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    • Grant Information:
      D43 TW011513 United States TW FIC NIH HHS; R01 AI123074 United States AI NIAID NIH HHS; D43 TW 011513 United States NH NIH HHS; RO1A1123074 United States NH NIH HHS
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Anopheles gambiae s.l.; Clothianidin; Ghana; Indoor residual spraying; Insecticide resistance; Target-site mutation
    • Accession Number:
      2V9906ABKQ (clothianidin)
      0 (Insecticides)
      EC 3.1.1.7 (Acetylcholinesterase)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240109 Date Completed: 20240111 Latest Revision: 20240112
    • Publication Date:
      20240112
    • Accession Number:
      PMC10777513
    • Accession Number:
      10.1186/s12936-023-04769-y
    • Accession Number:
      38195484