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Assessment of the ecological risk and mobility of arsenic and heavy metals in soils and mine tailings from the Carmina mine site (Asturias, NW Spain).

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 8903118 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-2983 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02694042 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Environ Geochem Health Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: 1999- : Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers
      Original Publication: Kew, Surrey : Science and Technology Letters, 1985-
    • Subject Terms:
      Arsenic*/analysis ; Soil Pollutants*/analysis ; Metals, Heavy*/analysis; Soil ; Copper ; Spain ; Zinc ; Environmental Monitoring ; Iron ; Risk Assessment
    • Abstract:
      An evaluation of the pollution, distribution, and mobility of arsenic and heavy metals in spoil heaps and soils surrounding the abandoned Carmina lead-zinc mine (Asturias, northern Spain) was carried out. Fractionation of arsenic was performed by an arsenic-specific sequential extraction method; while, heavy metal fractionations was carried out using the protocol of the Bureau Community of Reference (BCR) (now renamed Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme). Arsenic appeared predominantly associated with amorphous iron oxyhydroxides. Among the heavy metals, lead and zinc showed high availability since significant amounts were extracted in the nonresidual fractions; whereas, chromium, copper and nickel showed very low availability, indicating their lithogenic origins. The results showed that the extractability of heavy metals in soils is influenced mainly by the presence of iron and manganese oxides as well as by pH and Eh. Multiple pollution indices, including the enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), ecological risk index (Er) and potential ecological risk index (PERI), were used to assess the degree of soil pollution in the mine area. All results showed that lead was the key factor causing the pollution and ecological risk in the studied area, and copper, zinc and arsenic also had significant contributions. Notably, the sites at higher risk coincided with those with high availability of arsenic and heavy metals. This study provides an integrative approach that serves as a powerful tool to evaluate the metal pollution status and potential threats to the local environment of abandoned mining areas, and the results are useful for making management decisions in these areas.
      (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Abandoned mines; Arsenic; Ecological risk assessment; Fractionation; Heavy metals; Mobility
    • Accession Number:
      N712M78A8G (Arsenic)
      0 (Soil)
      789U1901C5 (Copper)
      0 (Soil Pollutants)
      0 (Metals, Heavy)
      J41CSQ7QDS (Zinc)
      E1UOL152H7 (Iron)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240217 Date Completed: 20240219 Latest Revision: 20240320
    • Publication Date:
      20250114
    • Accession Number:
      PMC10874346
    • Accession Number:
      10.1007/s10653-023-01848-6
    • Accession Number:
      38367139