Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of commensal staphylococci isolated from young volunteers in Alexandria, Egypt.

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: London : Nature Publishing Group, copyright 2011-

Staphylococcus*/genetics ; Staphylococcus*/isolation & purification ; Staphylococcus*/drug effects ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests* ; Staphylococcal Infections*/microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections*/epidemiology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents*/pharmacology ; Phenotype*; Humans ; Egypt/epidemiology ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Genotype ; Staphylococcus aureus/genetics ; Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification ; Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics ; Adolescent

Nasally colonized staphylococci carry antibiotic resistance genes and may lead to serious opportunistic infections. We are investigating nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococci other than S. aureus (SOSA) among young volunteers in Egypt to determine their risk potential. Nasal swabs collected over 1 week in June 2019 from 196 volunteers were cultured for staphylococcus isolation. The participants were interviewed to assess sex, age, general health, hospitalization and personal hygiene habits. Identification was carried out using biochemical tests and VITEK 2 automated system. Disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration tests were performed to determine antibiotic susceptibility. Screening for macrolide resistance genes (ermA, ermB, ermC, ermT and msrA) was performed using polymerase chain reaction. Thirty four S. aureus and 69 SOSA were obtained. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was detected among most staphylococcal species, ranging from 30.77% among S. hominis to 50% among S. epidermidis. Phenotypic resistance to all tested antibiotics, except for linezolid, was observed. Susceptibility to rifampicin, vancomycin and teicoplanin was highest. ermB showed the highest prevalence among all species (79.41% and 94.2% among S. aureus and SOSA, respectively), and constitutive macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS B ) resistance was equally observed in S. aureus and SOSA (11.11% and 16.22%, respectively), whereas inducible MLS B resistance was more often found in S. aureus (77.78% and 43.24%, respectively). The species or resistance level of the carried isolates were not significantly associated with previous hospitalization or underlying diseases. Although over all colonization and carriage of resistance genes are within normal ranges, the increased carriage of MDR S. aureus is alarming. Also, the fact that many macrolide resitance genes were detected should be a warning sign, particularly in case of MLS B inducible phenotype. More in depth analysis using whole genome sequencing would give a better insight into the MDR staphylococci in the community in Egypt.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

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ZI665/3-1 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; ZI665/3-1 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Keywords: S. aureus; Antibiotic resistance; Community acquired infections; Egypt; Nasal colonization; SOSA

0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)

Date Created: 20240627 Date Completed: 20240627 Latest Revision: 20240630

20250114

PMC11211488

10.1038/s41598-024-60924-8

38937465