Protective Mechanisms of Vaginal Lactobacilli against Sexually Transmitted Viral Infections.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, [2000-

Lactobacillus*/physiology ; Vagina*/microbiology ; Vagina*/virology ; Vagina*/immunology; Humans ; Female ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/immunology ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/prevention & control ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/virology ; Microbiota

The healthy cervicovaginal microbiota is dominated by various Lactobacillus species, which support a condition of eubiosis. Among their many functions, vaginal lactobacilli contribute to the maintenance of an acidic pH, produce antimicrobial compounds, and modulate the host immune response to protect against vaginal bacterial and fungal infections. Increasing evidence suggests that these beneficial bacteria may also confer protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) caused by viruses such as human papillomavirus (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV). Viral STIs pose a substantial public health burden globally, causing a range of infectious diseases with potentially severe consequences. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which lactobacilli exert their protective effects against viral STIs is paramount for the development of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies. This review aims to provide more recent insights into the intricate interactions between lactobacilli and viral STIs, exploring their impact on the vaginal microenvironment, host immune response, viral infectivity and pathogenesis, and highlighting their potential implications for public health interventions and clinical management strategies.

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Keywords: HIV; HPV; HSV; lactobacilli; sexually transmitted infections; sexually transmitted viruses; vaginal health; vaginal microbiome

Date Created: 20240914 Date Completed: 20240914 Latest Revision: 20240916

20250114

PMC11395631

10.3390/ijms25179168

39273118