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Effectiveness of Original Monovalent and Bivalent COVID-19 Vaccines Against COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization and Severe In-Hospital Outcomes Among Adults in the United States, September 2022-August 2023.

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  • Additional Information
    • Corporate Authors:
      Investigating Respiratory Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network
    • Source:
      Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101304007 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1750-2659 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17502640 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Influenza Other Respir Viruses Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: Oxford, UK : Wiley, c2007-
    • Subject Terms:
      COVID-19*/prevention & control ; COVID-19*/epidemiology ; COVID-19*/immunology ; COVID-19*/mortality ; Hospitalization*/statistics & numerical data ; COVID-19 Vaccines*/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines*/administration & dosage ; Vaccine Efficacy* ; SARS-CoV-2*/immunology; Humans ; Male ; Female ; United States/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Young Adult ; Vaccination ; Aged, 80 and over ; Adolescent
    • Abstract:
      Background: Assessments of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness are needed to monitor the protection provided by updated vaccines against severe COVID-19. We evaluated the effectiveness of original monovalent and bivalent (ancestral strain and Omicron BA.4/5) COVID-19 vaccination against COVID-19-associated hospitalization and severe in-hospital outcomes.
      Methods: During September 8, 2022 to August 31, 2023, adults aged ≥ 18 years hospitalized with COVID-19-like illness were enrolled at 26 hospitals in 20 US states. Using a test-negative case-control design, we estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) with multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, admission date, and geographic region.
      Results: Among 7028 patients, 2924 (41.6%) were COVID-19 case patients, and 4104 (58.4%) were control patients. Compared to unvaccinated patients, absolute VE against COVID-19-associated hospitalization was 6% (-7%-17%) for original monovalent doses only (median time since last dose [IQR] = 421 days [304-571]), 52% (39%-61%) for a bivalent dose received 7-89 days earlier, and 13% (-10%-31%) for a bivalent dose received 90-179 days earlier. Absolute VE against COVID-19-associated invasive mechanical ventilation or death was 51% (34%-63%) for original monovalent doses only, 61% (35%-77%) for a bivalent dose received 7-89 days earlier, and 50% (11%-71%) for a bivalent dose received 90-179 days earlier.
      Conclusion: Bivalent vaccination provided protection against COVID-19-associated hospitalization and severe in-hospital outcomes within 3 months of receipt, followed by a decline in protection to a level similar to that remaining from previous original monovalent vaccination by 3-6 months. These results underscore the benefit of remaining up to date with recommended COVID-19 vaccines.
      (Published 2024. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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    • Grant Information:
      R35 GM151147 United States GM NIGMS NIH HHS; 75D30122C14944 United States CC CDC HHS
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: COVID‐19; COVID‐19 vaccines; United States; adult; hospitalization
    • Accession Number:
      0 (COVID-19 Vaccines)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20241104 Date Completed: 20241104 Latest Revision: 20250721
    • Publication Date:
      20250721
    • Accession Number:
      PMC11534416
    • Accession Number:
      10.1111/irv.70027
    • Accession Number:
      39496339