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Early pregnancy diagnosis in cows using corpus luteum blood flow analysis based on colour Doppler ultrasonography and mRNA analysis.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101249759 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1746-6148 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17466148 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Vet Res Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, 2005-
    • Subject Terms:
      Corpus Luteum*/diagnostic imaging ; Corpus Luteum*/blood supply ; RNA, Messenger*/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger*/genetics ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color*/veterinary ; Insemination, Artificial*/veterinary; Animals ; Female ; Cattle ; Pregnancy ; Biomarkers/blood ; Pregnancy Tests/veterinary ; Pregnancy, Animal ; Estrus Synchronization
    • Abstract:
      Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The animal procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka (Certificate no. VERC-19-11). All experiments were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. All methods are reported in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines ( https://arriveguidelines.org ). Written permission was obtained from the management of the commercial farms; National Livestock Development Board, Sri Lanka to use their animals in the experiments. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
      Background: Reproductive efficiency is paramount in the dairy industry, where early pregnancy detection of dairy cows will allow to detect the non-pregnant animals early, thus enabling to re-synchronize them and getting them pregnant leading to decrease in calving interval, which, in turn, is critical for maximizing productivity and economic gain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the colour Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs)-based pregnancy-associated biomarker mRNAs expression for the earliest detection of pregnancy status in the dairy cows at post insemination. Intensively managed animals were ovulation synchronized and subjected to timed artificial insemination (TAI). On day 20, corpus luteum blood flow (CLBF) was evaluated using CDUS in 30 cows. The percentage of the incoming blood flow (as an area) of the corpus luteum (CL) was determined using an image analysis software. On day 35, the same operator performed a final pregnancy diagnosis using transrectal ultrasonography to confirm the pregnancy. Blood samples were collected on day 20 and 28 after TAI for biomarkers analysis. The mRNA expression levels of ISG15, MX1, MX2, and PAG9 genes in PBLs were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).
      Results: The identified CLBF cutoff point resulted 100% sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) in determining non-pregnant status on day 20 in the cows. Overall, MX2 and ISG15 mRNAs showed the most significant (P < 0.05) expression levels in pregnant animals on day 20 and 28 compared to non-pregnant animals. Among them, MX2 showed the highest expression levels on both days, ascertaining it as the better candidate biomarker for the earliest identification of pregnancy.
      Conclusions: The CDUS-based CLBF analysis on day 20 after TAI can be potentially used for the early identification of non-pregnancy status in dairy cows and MX2 could be a potential mRNA candidate for the identification of pregnancy in cows. Further studies should be conducted in large scale to validate these findings due to the small sample number used in the current study.
      (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Colour Doppler ultrasonography; Corpus luteum blood flow; Dairy cows; Early pregnancy diagnosis; Gene expression
    • Accession Number:
      0 (RNA, Messenger)
      0 (Biomarkers)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20241220 Date Completed: 20241221 Latest Revision: 20250104
    • Publication Date:
      20250114
    • Accession Number:
      PMC11661188
    • Accession Number:
      10.1186/s12917-024-04438-5
    • Accession Number:
      39707361