Mortality trends of traumatic brain injuries in the adult population of the United States: a CDC WONDER analysis from 1999 to 2020.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100968562 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2458 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712458 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001-

Brain Injuries, Traumatic*/mortality ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.*; Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Death Certificates

Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a critical public health issue in the United States, contributing significantly to morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Accounting for a substantial proportion of injury-related deaths and disabilities, TBI impacts a wide demographic, with particularly high incidence rates among young and elderly populations. Despite earlier declines, recent years have seen an uptick in TBI-related fatalities. This study aimed to evaluate the patterns and geographical disparities in mortality related to TBI among the adult population in the United States.
Methods: We examined the death certificates sourced from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database to identify adults in whom TBI was documented as an underlying or contributing cause of death between 1999 and 2020. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 individuals and annual percent change (APC) were computed and stratified based on year, gender, race/ethnicity, and geographic region.
Results: Between 1999 and 2020, 1,026,185 TBI-related deaths occurred among adults aged ≥ 25 years. The AAMR remained stable from 22.2 in 1999 to 22.3 in 2007, followed by an insignificant decline to 21.5 in 2010, and a steeper significant subsequent increase to 24.6 in 2020. Men had consistently higher AAMR than women from 1999 (men: 35.6; women: 11.1) to 2020 (men: 38.8; women: 11.9). The 85 + years age group had the highest AAMR 118.5 trailed by 75-84-year age group at 53.2. American Indian or Alaska Native adults had the highest AAMR (31.9) followed by White (24.4). South had the highest AAMR (25.3), followed by West (22.7). Non-metropolitan areas consistently had higher mortality rates compared to metropolitan areas.
Conclusions: Following a brief period of stability in TBI-related mortality from 1999 to 2010, there has been a subsequent increase of 1.3% per year in mortality till 2020. Notable geographic and demographic disparities persist, underscoring the need for further research and precise health policy interventions to better understand and address these differences.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: As the data employed in this study is publicly accessible in the form of de-identified information from CDC, the study is exempt from the requirement for ethical approval and consent. Consent for publication: Not Applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
(© 2025. The Author(s).)

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Keywords: Adult; CDC WONDER; Joinpoint analysis; Mortality trends; Traumatic brain injury; United States

Date Created: 20250205 Date Completed: 20250206 Latest Revision: 20250218

20250219

PMC11800646

10.1186/s12889-025-21657-z

39910550