Critical role of Oas1g and STAT1 pathways in neuroinflammation: insights for Alzheimer's disease therapeutics.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101190741 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1479-5876 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14795876 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Transl Med Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: [London] : BioMed Central, 2003-

Alzheimer Disease*/genetics ; Alzheimer Disease*/metabolism ; Alzheimer Disease*/pathology ; Microglia*/metabolism ; Microglia*/pathology ; STAT1 Transcription Factor*/metabolism ; STAT1 Transcription Factor*/genetics ; 2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase*/metabolism ; 2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase*/genetics ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases*/metabolism ; Signal Transduction*; Animals ; Mice ; Humans ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Gene Expression Regulation

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a significant impact on an individual's health and places a heavy burden on society. Studies have emphasized the importance of microglia in the progression and development of AD. Interferon responses and Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) significantly function in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases involving AD. Therefore, further exploration of the relationship among microglia, ISGs, and neuroinflammation in AD is warranted.
Methods: Microglia datasets from the GEO database were retrieved, along with additional microglia RNA-seq data from laboratory mice. Weighted Correlation Network Analysis was used on the training dataset to identify gene co-expression networks. Genes from the black module were intersected with interferon-stimulated genes, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Machine learning algorithms were applied to DEGs, and genes selected by both methods were identified as hub genes, with ROC curves used to evaluate their diagnostic accuracy. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was performed to reveal functional pathways closely relating to hub genes. Microglia cells were transfected with siRNAs targeting Oas1g and STAT1. Total RNA from microglia cells and mouse brain tissues was extracted, reverse-transcribed, and analyzed via qRT-PCR. Proteins were extracted from cells, quantified, separated by SDS-PAGE, transferred to PVDF membranes, and probed with antibodies. Microglia cells were fixed, permeabilized, blocked, and stained with antibodies for STAT1, then visualized and photographed.
Results: Bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms revealed that Oas1g was identified as a hub gene, with an AUC of 0.812. Enrichment Analysis revealed that Oas1g is closely associated with interferon-related pathways. Expression of Oas1g was validated in AD mouse models, where it was significantly upregulated after microglial activation. Knockdown experiments suggested siOas1g attenuated the effect of siSTAT1, and the expressions of STAT1 and p-STAT1 were elevated. siOas1g could reverse the effect of siSTAT1, indicating that Oas1g potentially regulates the ISGs through the STAT1 pathway.
Conclusion: We demonstrated that Oas1g was identified as a hub ISG in AD and can downregulate the activation of IFN-β and STAT1, reducing the expression of ISGs in neuroinflammation. Oas1g might potentially be a beneficial candidate for both prevention and treatment of AD.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The animal study obtained approval from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (A2019-005, 6 March 2019). The study was conducted in adherence to the local legislation and institutional regulation. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
(© 2025. The Author(s).)

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196 Guangzhou Municipal Research Collaborative Innovation Projects; 82101327 National Natural Science Foundation of China; 2022A1515012362 Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province; 202201020111 Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Interferon-stimulated genes; Machine learning; Neuroinflammation; Oas1g; WGCNA

0 (STAT1 Transcription Factor)
EC 2.7.7.84 (2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase)

Date Created: 20250214 Date Completed: 20250215 Latest Revision: 20250218

20250218

PMC11829366

10.1186/s12967-025-06112-2

39953505