Assessing the association between ADH5 and ALDH1A1 genetic variants and substance use disorder risk in a Jordanian male population.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100965258 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2164 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712164 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Genomics Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2000-

Substance-Related Disorders*/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide* ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease* ; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family*/genetics ; Retinal Dehydrogenase*/genetics ; Haplotypes*; Humans ; Male ; Jordan/epidemiology ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Middle Aged ; Genotype ; Young Adult ; Alcohol Dehydrogenase/genetics ; Genetic Association Studies

Background: Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a severe global problem that is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The genetic etiology of addiction can be complex and overlapping. This study aimed to investigate the association between two genes, ADH5 and ALDH1A1, and drug addiction in Jordanian males.
Methods: This study included 496 addicted patients and 496 healthy controls of Arab descent. The addicted participants were identified as Jordanian males with dependence on substances such as amphetamines, synthetic cannabinoids, benzodiazepines, alcohol, opiates, cocaine, and multiple substances. The participants' DNA was extracted, and 20 selected SNPs within ADH5 and ALDH1A1 were genotyped using the MassARRAY™ system. The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS.
Results: The study investigated associations between 20 variants within the ADH5 and ALDH1A1 genes and substance use disorder in Jordanian males. No statistically significant association was observed between individual polymorphisms and addiction (P > 0.05). However, the haplotypes CCGTTTTGTTTGG and CCCTTGTGTTCGG within the ALDH1A1 gene were significantly associated with an increased risk of addiction, with P-values of 0.0022 and 0.049 and odds ratios (OR) of 2.34 and 1.91, respectively.
Conclusion: This study did not find a significant association between ADH5 and ALDH1A1 gene polymorphisms with addiction in Jordanian males. The authors suggest replicating this type of study with larger sample sizes and more variants in the same or different genes to confirm their findings.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study and methodology were approved by the Human Ethics Committee of the Jordanian Ministry of Health (MOH/REC/180057) and the Institutional Review Board/Human Research Ethics Committee at Jordan University of Science and Technology (43/114/2018). The Public Security Directorate reviewed and approved the study (C/2/46/21546). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants in this study as their approval of participation. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki ( https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki/ ). Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
(© 2025. The Author(s).)

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MPH/1/43/2017 The Scientific Research Support Fund (SRSF) at the Jordanian Ministry of Higher Education

Keywords: ADH5; ALDH1A1; Addiction; Drug; Jordan; Polymorphisms

EC 1.2.1 (Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family)
EC 1.2.1.36 (Retinal Dehydrogenase)
EC 1.2.1.36 (ALDH1A1 protein, human)
EC 1.1.1.1 (Alcohol Dehydrogenase)

Date Created: 20250303 Date Completed: 20250304 Latest Revision: 20250306

20250306

PMC11874114

10.1186/s12864-025-11379-2

40033181