The Legalome: Microbiology, Omics and Criminal Justice.

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101316335 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1751-7915 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17517915 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Microb Biotechnol Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
Original Publication: Oxford : Blackwell, c2008-

Criminal Law*/legislation & jurisprudence ; Forensic Psychiatry* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome* ; Microbiota*; Humans ; Genomics ; United States

Advances in neuromicrobiology and related omics technologies have reinforced the idea that unseen microbes play critical roles in human cognition and behaviour. Included in this research is evidence indicating that gut microbes, through direct and indirect pathways, can influence aggression, anger, irritability and antisocial behaviour. Moreover, gut microbes can manufacture chemicals that are known to compromise cognition. For example, recent court decisions in the United States and Europe acknowledge that gut microbes can produce high levels of ethanol, without consumption of alcohol by the defendants. The dismissal of driving while intoxicated charges in these cases-so-called auto-brewery syndrome-highlights the way in which microbiome knowledge will enhance the precision, objectivity and fairness of our legal systems. Here in this opinion essay, we introduce the concept of the 'legalome'-the application of microbiome and omics science to forensic psychiatry and criminal law. We argue that the rapid pace of microbial discoveries, including those that challenge ideas of free will and moral responsibility, will necessitate a reconsideration of traditional legal doctrines and justifications of retributive punishment. The implications extend beyond the courtroom, challenging us to reconsider how environmental factors-from diet to socioeconomic conditions-might shape preventative and rehabilitative efforts through their effects on the microbiome.
(© 2025 The Author(s). Microbial Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

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Keywords: aggression; antisocial behaviour; justice; legalome; mental health; neuromicrobiology

Date Created: 20250312 Date Completed: 20250312 Latest Revision: 20250516

20250519

PMC11898878

10.1111/1751-7915.70129

40072296