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Empathy in technologically mediated patient-provider communication: a phenomenological and postphenomenological exploration.

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  • Author(s): Assing Hvidt E;Assing Hvidt E; Olesen F; Olesen F
  • Source:
    Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM [Philos Ethics Humanit Med] 2025 Jun 18; Vol. 20 (1), pp. 11. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 18.
  • Publication Type:
    Journal Article
  • Language:
    English
  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101258058 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1747-5341 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17475341 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Philos Ethics Humanit Med Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: [London] : BioMed Central, 2006-
    • Subject Terms:
      Empathy* ; Telemedicine* ; Communication* ; Physician-Patient Relations* ; Professional-Patient Relations*; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/psychology ; Humans
    • Abstract:
      Background: This theoretical paper aims to explore empathy in the context of technologically mediated patient-provider communication, specifically within the context of video- and telehealth consultations. Over the past few decades, empathy has been recognized as a vital component of high-quality patient care, often prioritizing the cognitive over the emotional dimensions of empathy. As healthcare increasingly embraces digital communication technologies, including video consultations, the dynamics of empathy in clinical encounters are altered. With this paper we explore the pertinent question: how do new digital communication modalities impact on empathy and its different dimensions?
      Methods: To address the above question, we move beyond clinical and applied empathy frameworks instead integrating insights from two related philosophical traditions. First, the classical phenomenological understanding of empathy (represented primarily by Edith Stein) as embodied intuition. Second, the postphenomenological philosophy of technology, represented by Don Ihde and not least inspired by Maurice Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of embodiment. We apply these theoretical frameworks to empirical analyses of video consultations in general practice and telemedical encounters between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and specialist telenurses.
      Results: Our analysis demonstrates that even though video consultations do not allow for the same level of "fine-tuned" body-mediated sensory input, a whole-body empathetic experience can nevertheless be established through (1) the audio-visual sensory impressions that are being mediated by the technology, (2) our whole-body interpretations of this information and (3) our shared experiences of a lifeworld that we actively orient ourselves towards. These experiences may lead to empathetic communication and helping actions that draw on both emotional, intuitive and cognitive dimensions in a holistic manner.
      Conclusion: Combining theoretical insights from phenomenology and postphenomenology with empirical telehealth analyses, we demonstrate how empathy is both reconfigured through technological mediation and sustained as an embodied, intersubjective practice. We thus conclude that empathetic care practices can be established in technologically mediated encounters through bodily intentionality where our bodies and minds are unified in understanding and connecting with other persons, even though we are not in the same physical space. We propose a theoretical bridge, connecting classical phenomenology and postphenomenology in the context of empathy in technologically mediated patient-provider communication. This bridge is grounded in Merleau-Ponty's conception of whole-body perception and the lifeworld whether through physical proximity or digital interaction.
      (© 2025. The Author(s).)
    • Abstract:
      Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
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    • Grant Information:
      1398791 The Research Fund for General Practice; 2020-0117 Sygeforsikringen Danmark
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Empathy; Phenomenology; Postphenomenology; Technological mediation; Telehealth consultations
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20250617 Date Completed: 20250617 Latest Revision: 20250620
    • Publication Date:
      20260130
    • Accession Number:
      PMC12175303
    • Accession Number:
      10.1186/s13010-025-00172-4
    • Accession Number:
      40528213