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Economic burden and quality of life caused by non-hodgkin lymphoma cancer in Iran.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: Bangladesh NLM ID: 100959228 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2072-1315 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16060997 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Health Popul Nutr Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: May 2015- : London: BioMed Central
      Original Publication: Dhaka, Bangladesh : ICDDR,B: Centre for Health and Population Research, c2000-
    • Subject Terms:
      Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin*/economics ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin*/psychology ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin*/therapy ; Health Care Costs*/statistics & numerical data ; Quality of Life* ; Cost of Illness*; Humans ; Iran ; Male ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult ; Neoplasm Staging
    • Abstract:
      Introduction: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) poses significant clinical and economic challenges in Iran, where rising cancer rates strain healthcare systems and compromise patient quality of life. This study assesses the direct and indirect costs associated with NHL and their impact on patient well-being.
      Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted over a six-month period at Omid Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with 83 NHL patients using validated questionnaires adapted to capture detailed information on direct medical and non-medical expenses, as well as productivity losses. Quality of life (QOL) was assessed via the EQ-5D and EORTC QLQ-C30 instruments. Statistical analyses, including regression models performed in STATA, were employed to examine associations between disease stage, costs, and QOL.
      Results: Direct treatment costs by stage were $1,078.11 ± $631.45 (stage 1), $583.40 ± $289.73 (stage 2), $810.42 ± $324.46 (stage 3), and $662.59 ± $361.70 (stage 4). Indirect costs were $56.72 ± $7.36 (stage 1), $82.80 ± $21.39 (stage 2), $105.15 ± $24.02 (stage 3), and $116.32 ± $34.92 (stage 4), totaling $1,334.63 ± $711.56 (stage 1), $1,161.43 ± $494.97 (stage 2), $1,297.07 ± $337.16 (stage 3), and $1,119.32 ± $457.27 (stage 4). EQ-5D scores fell from 0.63 ± 0.23 (stage 1) to 0.43 ± 0.29 (stage 4) at baseline, reflecting similar trends after six months. These results suggest that overall QOL, as measured by QOL, tends to decrease as the disease progresses from stage 1 to stage 4. However, there may be some variations in QOL changes between different stages.
      Conclusion: These findings underscore the substantial economic burden of NHL and its adverse impact on patient quality of life in Iran. Early diagnosis, improved access to specialized cancer centers, and increased financial support are crucial for enhancing health outcomes for NHL patients. Implementing these studies can improve patient access to care and boost overall health outcomes in society.
      (© 2025. The Author(s).)
    • Abstract:
      Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This research has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of MUMS (No. IR.MUMS.REC.1399.576). All participants provided a written informed consent form for the various aspects of data collection, which was implemented in accordance with the principles and regulations of confidentiality and privacy. All research methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Consent for publication: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
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    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Cost of illness; Iran; Non-Hodgkin lymphoma; Quality of life
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20250807 Date Completed: 20250807 Latest Revision: 20260328
    • Publication Date:
      20260329
    • Accession Number:
      PMC12330153
    • Accession Number:
      10.1186/s41043-025-01033-8
    • Accession Number:
      40770373