Mathematical analysis and intelligence and counterintelligence.

During Intelligence and counterintelligence World War II War World War II, the mathematics underlying Coding and encryption cryptography played an important role in military planning. Winston Churchill admired Alan Turing, the Cambridge University mathematician who had mastered the Nazi codes, recognizing him as the man who had perhaps made the single greatest individual contribution to defeating Germany. After the first frosts of the Cold War descended in the Soviet East, approximately $2 billion was spent in the development of Game theory game theory.