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Repetitive Behaviors in Autism and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review

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  • Author(s): Jessica O'Loghlen (ORCID Jessica O'Loghlen (ORCID 0000-0002-0056-5517); Matthew McKenzie; Cathryne Lang; Jessica Paynter
  • Language:
    English
  • Source:
    Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2025 55(7):2307-2321.
  • Publication Date:
    2025
  • Document Type:
    Journal Articles
    Information Analyses
    Reports - Research
  • Additional Information
    • Availability:
      Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
    • Peer Reviewed:
      Y
    • Source:
      15
    • Subject Terms:
      Anxiety Disorders; Autism Spectrum Disorders; Behavior Problems; Symptoms (Individual Disorders); Comorbidity; Individual Characteristics; Foreign Countries
    • Subject Terms:
      United Kingdom; Netherlands; United States; Japan; Italy; Australia; Canada; Norway; Sweden; France
    • Accession Number:
      10.1007/s10803-024-06357-8
    • ISSN:
      0162-3257
      1573-3432
    • Abstract:
      Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism are characterized by the presence of repetitive behaviors. Differentiating between repetitive behaviors attributable to a diagnosis of autism, and those attributable to OCD, poses challenges for differential and co-occurring diagnosis. Differentiation is important to inform appropriate supports and interventions for phenotypically similar but functionally distinct behaviors. In this systematic review, the quantitative literature was examined to explore the similarities and differences in repetitive behaviors (including restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors) in autistic individuals and those with OCD, and those with co-occurring diagnoses, in terms of: (1) expression, (2) content, and (3) associated factors. Methods: Thirty-one studies were identified that compared repetitive behaviors in autistic individuals, individuals with OCD, or individuals with both diagnoses. Results: The results suggest considerable overlap in the intensity and content of repetitive behaviors between groups. The findings of this review highlight that research aimed specifically at understanding similarities and differences in repetitive behaviors between autistic individuals and individuals with OCD is limited and frequently only compare at total score or composite measure levels. Conclusion: Further research into differences in the presentation of repetitive behaviors at a subscale and item level is required to inform clearer differentiation of specific behaviors in autism versus OCD. Understanding and more accurately differentiating is essential for efficient diagnosis, effective treatment, and better outcomes.
    • Abstract:
      As Provided
    • Publication Date:
      2025
    • Accession Number:
      EJ1474054