Micronutrients and Macronutrients and Parameters of Antioxidative Ability in Saliva of Women: Inhabitants of Krakow (Poland) in the Course of Uncomplicated Singleton Pregnancy

There were two aims of the present study: (1) to evaluate changes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total antixoidative status measured as the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) concentration in saliva of pregnant women during the first, second, and third trimesters of singleton uncomplicated pregnancy and (2) to assess possible relations among SOD, FRAP, and intake of macronutrients and micronutritients in daily nutritional rations (DNRs) during pregnancy. Forty pregnant women aged 27.1±5.4 yr (examined group) and 40 healthy women (the control group) were recruited for this study. The relationship between FRAP and SOD in saliva and the intake of macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, total fat, saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids), minerals (Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn), and vitamins (A, C, E, B1, B2, B6, PP) in DNR was evaluated by clustering analysis with Ward's grouping method. During pregnancy, FRAP and SOD values were lower than in the controls, but only for FRAP were the differences statistically significant (p