Abstract: Mental health is an integral part of well-being and a fundamental human right. It is known that a substantial number of people worldwide struggle with mental illness, and a large proportion of these individuals live in low- and middle-income countries. Depression and anxiety are among the most common mental health problems. Considering the positive effects of exercise on neurobiological mechanisms, it can be considered as an alternative or complementary therapy in the treatment of mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety. Exercise also increases neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, improves cognitive function, and protects brain health, reducing the risk of various neurological diseases. By regulating levels of neurochemicals such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, exercise positively affects mood and can lead to favorable emotional and behavioral changes. The use of exercise as a nonpharmacological treatment option has important advantages such as ease of access, low cost, and low risk of adverse effects. In conclusion, exercise is a safe, accessible, and inexpensive nonpharmacological therapeutic option that provides neurobiological benefits and can play a crucial role in mental health treatment and promotion. Integrating exercise into clinical practice is important to improve treatment success and patient outcomes.
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