Functional Amyloid Fibrils as Versatile Tools for Novel Biomaterials

Functional amyloid fibrils, once primarily associated with amyloidosis, are now recognized for their exceptional potential as biomaterials due to their unique structural features, including remarkable mechanical strength, high stability, and self-assembly capabilities. This review highlights their transformative applications across a wide range of industries, from cutting-edge drug delivery systems and next-generation biosensors to tissue engineering, surface technologies, energy storage, and environmental solutions. Their versatility extends into innovative sectors like information transfer systems, cell adhesion, protein fusion, food technology, and novel catalytic systems. Despite significant progress, critical gaps remain in the research. This review not only consolidates current applications but also underscores the vast potential for future advancements, positioning functional amyloids as key players in emerging biomaterials technologies.