Abstract: The composition and structure of fish assemblages caught by trawl in the Levantine Sea (eastern Mediterranean) were summarized using a fishing-sensitive univariate indicator. This metric, called the ‘Large Fish Index’ (LFI), has been developed in the North Sea since 2000 and is applied and adapted here for the first time in the eastern Mediterranean. It was defined as the fish biomass fraction above a pre-determined length threshold, expressed as proportion of the total fish biomass. Trawl-caught assemblages in the warm, oligotrophic, highly invaded Levant were found to be characterized by small fishes. ‘Large fish’ were thus delineated as 20-30 cm (total length) for this region, as opposed to 40 cm set in the North Sea. Desired minimum LFI proportions were set as 0.5 for fishes longer than 20 cm and 0.3 for fishes longer than 30 cm and the actual values found in Israeli bottom trawl surveys from 2008 to 2012 were 0.3 and 0.155 respectively. These low LFI values for the small fishes caught by trawlers attest to the ecological unsustainability and economic inefficiency of bottom trawling in Israel and provide a tool for managers with which to assess the state of the fishery and the general health of the ecosystem. ; La composición y estructura de las comunidades de peces capturados por arrastre en el mar de Levante (Mediterráneo Oriental) se expresó mediante un indicador univariado sensible a la pesca. Esta medida, denominada “Índice de grandes peces” (IGP), se desarrolló en el Mar del Norte desde 2000 y se aplica y se adapta por primera vez al Mediterráneo oriental. Se define como la fracción de biomasa de peces por encima de un umbral de longitud predeterminada, expresada como proporción de la biomasa total. Se encontró que los conjuntos de peces capturados en el mar de Levante, cálido, oligotrófico, y con muchas especies invasoras se caracterizan por estar formados de peces pequeños. Se definieron los “peces grandes” para esta región aquellos superiores a 20 o 30 cm de longitud total, en lugar de los 40 cm ...
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