Contributors: Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH); Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Nantes Université - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (Nantes Univ - UFR HHAA); Nantes Université - pôle Humanités; Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Humanités; Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ); Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR); Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes); Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro); Association des Sédimentologistes Français; ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011)
Abstract: International audience ; Raw earth, a typical material of the rural architecture of the Rennes basin (16th-20th century) François PUSTOC'H (1), Simon PUAUD (1), Éric DARRIGRAND (2), Fabrice MAHÉ (2) ABSTRACT: The starting point of this study is based on an observation: the large number of vernacular raw earth constructions in the rural area of the Rennes region. The construction of these buildings was carried out according to two distinct techniques: the cob where the walls are built in successive lifts of solid earth without formwork; wattle daub, which consists of filling a lath with earth that occupies the spaces of a wooden supporting structure (half-timbering). A field survey, conducted by one of us (FP) between 2013 and 2019, on the territory of administrative Brittany, has allowed to circumscribe the area within which this material has been used. It covers almost all of Ille-et-Vilaine, a large eastern half of the Côtes-d'Armor and the extreme northeast of Morbihan. The technique of cob, unlike that of wattle daub, requires a large quantity of raw earth, the walls of buildings frequently exceed 50 cm in thickness. Its use reveals the abundance of this georesource in the environment. In rural areas, the soil is taken from the site, after the topsoil has been removed: either during the preliminary levelling of the construction site; or in pits, which would explain the abundance of ponds in our countryside. The presence of this type of construction is therefore directly linked to the nature of the geological substratum and the presence of superficial formations on the construction site. The field survey shows that it is in the west of the Rennes basin that these constructions are the most frequent. This distribution is linked to the presence of Brioverian soils, which are made up, in this area, of highly altered facies of soft shales and sandstones that do not yield good quality building stone. This area is also characterized by a remarkable cover of aeolian silts. The combination of these two factors would ...
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