Abstract: Aqueous zinc-ion batteries have garnered significant attention due to their high safety, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. However, the performance of the zinc anode is considerably compromised by hydrogen evolution, corrosion, and structural degradation of the cathode. This article provides a detailed discussion of a mixture comprising ZnSO 4 , Zn(OTf) 2 , and NH 4 Cl as electrolytes in zinc-ion batteries. The incorporation of additives such as Zn(OTf) 2 and NH 4 Cl not only facilitates the effective formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase containing ZnF 2 and Zn 3 N 2 but also mitigates the hydrolysis of the cathode material NH 4 V 4 O 10 . Symmetric batteries assembled with bifunctional additives as anodes can achieve a low current density of 1 mA cm –2 for over 900 h and sustain a higher current density of 5 mA cm –2 for more than 570 h. Furthermore, the NH 4 V 4 O 10 //Zn full battery utilizing bifunctional additives maintains a Coulombic efficiency rate of up to 99.99% after 2000 cycles at a current density of 1 A g –1 . This bifunctional additive is anticipated to play an increasingly pivotal role in practical applications and advanced aqueous-based zinc-ion battery technology.
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