Abstract: The present study examines bio-processes in the aerospace industry with an emphasis on discovering biomaterials that demonstrate advantages over conventional materials. It provides a thorough analysis of current biomaterials, detailing their properties and potential uses in aerospace applications. By assessing fundamental performance metrics, this research highlights materials with superior attributes, including strength-to-weight ratio, durability, and resilience under extreme conditions. The study reviews three promising biomaterials: spider silk, basalt, and bamboo fibers. Spider silk, known for its strength, lightness, and flexibility, could be applied in space exploration to monitor spacecraft integrity, assess astronaut health, and detect leaks or damage. Basalt fiber’s resistance to high temperatures makes it suitable for protective clothing and thermal insulation, and it can be combined with other materials to create strong, lightweight composites. Bamboo fiber, with a strength-to-weight ratio around six times that of steel, offers notable lightness and strength, and its micro-hierarchical structure enhances impact resistance, ductility, and fracture toughness. This paper proposes a sustainable technical analysis based on the pillars of economic, environmental, and social sustainability, along with an added pillar focused on technological progress. It also discusses opportunities to address research and development challenges, facilitating the use of these biomaterials in aerospace. This research aims to promote sustainable, high-performance aerospace technologies that lower environmental impact while advancing industry capabilities.
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