Abstract: In this paper, we report a comprehensive and consistent annotation of the locus encoding the β-chain of the equine T-cell receptor (TRB), as inferred from recent genome assembly using bioinformatics tools. The horse TRB locus spans approximately 1 Mb, making it the largest locus among the mammalian species studied to date, with a signifi cantly higher number of genes related to extensive duplicative events. In the region, 136 TRBV (belonging to 29 subgroups), 2 TRBD, 13 TRBJ, and 2 TRBC genes, were identifi ed. The general genomic organization resembles that of other mammals, with a V cluster of 135 TRBV genes located upstream of two in-tandem aligned TRBD-J-C clusters and an inverted TRBV gene at the 3 ′ end of the last TRBC gene. However, the horse b-chain repertoire would be affected by a high number of non-functional TRBV genes. Thus, we queried a transcriptomic dataset derived from splenic tissue of a healthy adult horse, using each TRBJ gene as a probe to analyze clonotypes encompassing the V(D)J junction. This analysis provided insights into the usage of the TRBV, TRBD, and TRBJ genes and the variability of the non-germline-encoded CDR3. Our results clearly demonstrated that the horse β-chain constitutes a complex level of variability, broadly like that described in other mammalian species.
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