Abstract: International audience ; Preventive archaeology in France is based on two stages: evaluation and excavation. Despite a large number of experiments based on geophysical prospection, especially during the evaluation phase, the integration of these techniques within the preventive process remains rather limited. Conflicts and misunderstandings have arisen between proponents of geophysics and proponents of trial trenches to assess the archaeological potential in a preventive context. These points of contention focus on three aspects: scientific reliability, time savings and costs of geophysics compared to standard evaluation. In spite of this, over the last few years, Inrap has been developing and implementing geophysical studies by advocating a rational use of these techniques, i.e. only when geophysics is known to be relevant. The main applications concern the detection of archaeological remains but also the reconstruction of ancient landscapes and, in a more original way, the mapping and characterisation of archaeological layers during excavations. To this end, Inrap recently created a geophysical department and all indicators point to an increase in survey number and a very good integration of geophysics within the archaeological community. ; L'archéologie préventive en France repose sur deux phases d’étude distinctes que sont le diagnostic et la fouille. L'intégration de la prospection géophysique dans ce processus reste, à ce jour, relativement limitée malgré un nombre important d'expériences visant à introduire ces techniques notamment en phase de diagnostic. Des tensions et malentendus sont apparus opposant l’utilisation de la géophysique à la réalisation des tranchées à la pelle mécanique pour l’évaluation du potentiel archéologique en contexte préventif. Ces points de discorde se concentrent autour de trois aspects que sont la fiabilité scientifique, le gain de temps et la rentabilité financière de la géophysique par rapport au diagnostic conventionnel. Malgré cela, au cours des dernières années, l'Inrap ...
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