Determination of bacteria with potential for hydrocarbon biodegradation at El Waffe Dock in Turbo, Antioquia, and analysis of environmental policies regarding the bioremediation of coastal areas ; Determinación de bacterias con potencial biodegradador de hidrocarburos totales en muelle El Waffe de Turbo, Antioquia y análisis de las políticas ambientales encaminadas a la biorremediación de zonas costeras

Petroleum-derived hydrocarbons are chemical contaminants that are toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic, and that can impact an ecosystems trophic chain. These compounds are primarily generated through anthropogenic activities and are discharged into marine-coastal areas from industrial and maritime transportation sectors. For this study, a bioremediation technique involving the bioprospecting of bacteria with the capacity to degrade total hydrocarbons was employed. Subsequently, selective pressure was applied under conditions of a sole carbon source, successfully isolating 11 morphotypes in pure culture media supplemented with hydrocarbons, thus demonstrating the presence of microorganisms with biodegradative potential. Three zigzag sampling points along El Waffe Dock in Turbo, Antioquia, Colombia were analyzed. Additionally, a comparison of the microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of the isolated strains with the relevant literature was conducted to approach microorganism identification. Finally, a review of the political or regulatory aspects surrounding hydrocarbon bioremediation and the generation of new knowledge in this field in Colombia was carried out. ; Los hidrocarburos derivados del petróleo son estructuras químicas contaminantes, tóxicas, mutagénicas y cancerígenas que afectan la cadena trófica del ecosistema; estos compuestos son generados, principalmente, a partir de actividades antropogénicas y cuyos vertimientos en zonas marino-costeras, son derivadas por los sectores económicos industriales y de transporte marítimo. Para el presente trabajo, se utilizó una técnica de biorremediación consistente en la bioprospección de bacterias con capacidad biodegradadora de hidrocarburos totales; luego, se generó una presión selectiva en condiciones de única fuente de carbono, logrando el exitoso aislamiento de 11 morfotipos en medios de cultivos puros suplementados con hidrocarburos, demostrándose la presencia de microorganismos con potencial biodegradador. En este trabajo, fueron analizados tres puntos ...